Table 7 Performance Metrics for XGBoost-HHO Across different PV system cases.

From: Enhanced photovoltaic panel diagnostics through AI integration with experimental DC to DC Buck Boost converter implementation

HHO-XGBoost

PER%

REC%

F1-S%

SPE%

Case 1

100

100

100

100

Case 2

96.55

100

98.25

99.41

Case 3

100

100

100

100

Case 4

100

96.15

98.04

100

Case 5

100

100

100

100

Case 6

100

100

100

100

Case 7

100

100

100

100