Table 4 Outcomes.

From: Lung protective ventilation guided by driving pressure improves pulmonary outcomes in heart transplantation

Category

Group D (n=44)

Group C (n=44)

RR (95%CI)

t/χ2

P

Primary outcomes

     

Any PPCs - n (%)

13 (36.1)

23 (63.9)

0.61 (0.36–0.96)

4.701

0.030

Respiratory infection

6 (13.6)

16 (36.4)

0.47 (0.22–0.88)

6.061

0.014

Respiratory failure

1 (2.3)

3 (6.8)

0.49 (0.09–1.43)

1.048

0.306

Bronchospasm

1 (2.3)

2 (4.6)

0.66 (0.12–1.65)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Atelectasis

9 (20.5)

18 (40.9)

0.58 (0.31–0.97)

4.328

0.038

Pleural effusion

5 (11.4)

6 (13.6)

0.90 (0.41–1.54)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Pneumothorax

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

/

/

/

Aspiration pneumonitis

1(2.3)

0 (0.0)

2.02 (0.41–20.02)

1.011

0.315

Secondary outcomes

     

Early death* - n (%)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

2.02 (0.41–20.0)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Late death** - n (%)

2 (4.6)

3 (6.8)

0.79 (0.23–1.62)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Ventilation-related hypotension - n

3.9±1.3

3.6±1.2

/

1.125

0.264

Vasoactive‑inotropic score at the end of surgery

26.1±3.8

26.5±4.5

/

0.021

0.985

Postoperative cardiovascular adverse events - n (%)

3 (6.8)

1 (2.3)

1.537 (0.60–2.24)

0.262

0.609

Length of stay in ICU - d

4.6±6.2

7.8±7.8

/

2.130

0.036

Duration of ventilation - d

2.2±5.1

4.9±6.3

/

2.210

0.030

Tracheotomy - n (%)

1 (2.3)

2 (4.6)

0.66 (0.12–1.65)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Rethoracotomy for exploration - n (%)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

2.02 (0.41–20.0)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Wound infection - n (%)

1 (2.3)

2 (4.6)

0.66 (0.12–1.65)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Sepsis - n (%)

2 (4.6)

4 (9.1)

0.65 (0.19–1.44)

0.715

0.398

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage - n (%)

1 (2.3)

1 (2.3)

1.00 (0.19–1.96)

0.512

0.474

Neurological complications - n (%)

3 (6.8)

5 (11.4)

0.73 (0.26–1.44)

0.550

0.458

Mechanical assistance - n (%)

     

Intra-aortic balloon pump

3 (6.8)

2 (4.6)

1.22 (0.46–1.97)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

2 (4.6)

1 (2.3)

1.35 (0.41–2.12)

< 0.001

> 0.999

Continual renal replacement therapy

4 (4.6)

5 (5.7)

0.88(0.36–1.56)

0.124

0.725

The categorical variables were presented as n (%), and the distributions variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. * death within 7 days after surgery; ** death within 30 days after surgery. PPCs: postoperative pulmonary complications.

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