Table 1 Patient demographics.

Age (year)

63.70 ± 12.69

Sex (Male/Female)

79/132

Diabetes

56 (26.54%)

Smoking

50 (23.70%)

Glucocorticoid use > 6 months

3 (1.42%)

BMI (kg/m²)

25.07 ± 5.67

VBQ score

3.20 ± 0.71

Follow-up period (months)

34.67 ± 16.35

Diagnosis

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

138 (%)

Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis

33 (%)

Degenerative scoliosis

23 (%)

Herniated intervertebral disc

17 (%)

Fusion length

1 level

102 (%)

2 level

109 (%)

Lowest instrumented vertebra

L4

4 (%)

L5

154 (%)

S1

53 (%)

Screw depth

3.17 ± 0.70