Fig. 4

Intergroup Comparison of VR-BSVF and Binocular Range-Based BSVD (BR-BSVD) between Healthy Volunteers and Diplopia Patients. (a) Near vision VR-BSVF comparison between healthy volunteers and diplopia patients. (b) Near vision VR-BSVD comparison between healthy volunteers and diplopia patients. (c) Distant vision VR-BSVF comparison between healthy volunteers and diplopia patients. (d) Distant vision VR-BSVD comparison between healthy volunteers and diplopia patients. (e) ROC curve illustrating the diagnostic efficacy of the diplopia discrimination model employing near and distant vision metrics derived from VR-BSVF and VR-BSVD data. NV: Near Vision; DV: Distant Vision; mean ± S.E.M; ***, P < 0.01.