Table 16 Statistical analysis of model performance.

From: Automatic smart brain tumor classification and prediction system using deep learning

Model Comparison

Cohen’s d

Confidence Interval

t-value

p-value

Interpretation

Inception vs. EfficientNet-B4

1.7941

Inception: (98.78% to 99.82%) EfficientNet-B4: (99.36% to 100.04%)

\(-38.9958\)

\(7.87 \times 10^{-248}\)

Large effect size; EfficientNet-B4 performs better.

Inception vs. Custom CNN

6.2049

Inception: (98.78% to 99.82%) CNN: (95.36% to 97.64%)

\(138.9141\)

\(10^{-308}\)

Extremely large effect size; Inception performs better.

EfficientNet-B4 vs. Custom CNN

7.4635

Inception: (98.78% to 99.82%) EfficientNet-B4: (99.36% to 100.04%)

\(-38.9958\)

\(< 10^{-308}\)

Large effect size; EfficientNet-B4 performs better.