Fig. 4: Physiology of subjective risk in subthalamic nucleus and PFC.

a, Risk seeking in the decision phase (N = 25 participants) was associated with lower delta activity shown in the significant greater delta cluster in the no bet versus bet contrast in the time–frequency plot during the decision phase. The pop-out shows the significant identified theta cluster as mean percentage change in activity across participants and percentage signal change for each individual for bet–reward and no bet trial. b, Risk seeking in the outcome phase (N = 25 participants) was associated with greater prefrontal EEG theta activity shown in the significant theta clusters when participants would have lost (top) and won (bottom) when choosing not to bet versus betting. Note that here participants only see the outcome of the card reveal and do not see any reward or loss outcomes. The significant identified theta cluster is shown as the regression plot. c, Localization effect of physiology with correlation analyses of bet > no bet and MNI coordinates (N = 25 participants) with greater STN delta–theta activity to the no-bet condition associated with more medial (top) and posterior STN (bottom). Data are represented as mean +/− s.e.m. The box plot central mark refers to the median, the edges to the 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers to the extreme datapoints.