Fig. 3: Example images illustrating the use of AFM in studying foodborne viruses.
From: Atomic force microscopy at the forefront: unveiling foodborne viruses with biophysical tools
A AFM topography images of noroVLPs of NoV variants (GI.1, GII.17, and GII.10) for comparison of their sizes. Images reproduced from Feng, Y., et al.91 B Probing of rotavirus single virion binding to an SA-coated model surface (left panel). Representative non-adhesive and adhesive FD curves (retraction trace only) collected (middle panel). AFM measurement of the binding frequency between rotavirus virion and SA, before and after injection of Neu5Ac (right panel). Images adapted from Yang, J., et al.92. Schematics of left panel were created in BioRender.com. C AFM images from a mechanical fatigue assay showing disassembly of adenovirus particles. Different disassembly states are represented in each panel (together with the number of the individual frame), from intact (frame No. 1) to collapsed (frame No. 46) capsid. Scale bar is 37 nm. Images reproduced from MartÃn-González, N., et al.172 D HS-AFM images of detergent-resistance membrane (DRM) domains and MNV. The top panel of successive images represents raw DRMs on a mica surface, while the middle panel represents the dynamics of MNV particles on a mica surface. The images in the bottom panel represent MNV infected DRM fractions. Images reproduced from Aybeke, E.N., et al.99. E 3D reconstruction of high-resolution AFM topography images of adenovirus, before (top) and after (bottom) UVC irradiation. Images reproduced from Xue, Y., et al.100.
