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The nitrogen cycle is a critical component of Earth's ecosystem, playing an essential role in sustaining life. However, human activity has significantly disrupted the natural balance of the nitrogen cycle, leading to severe environmental issues such as eutrophication, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. Concurrently, nitrogen-intensive chemical manufacturing processes, particularly the Haber-Bosch process, are energy-intensive and heavily reliant on fossil fuels, leading to excessive release of activated nitrogen in the environment. Transitioning to more sustainable methods of converting waste activated nitrogen into useful chemicals is paramount to addressing these issues and achieving a decarbonized chemical industry.
This Collection will focus on the electrochemical conversion of activated nitrogen species (nitrates, nitrites, and other oxides of nitrogen) into ammonia and other value-added chemicals. The aim is to explore both computational and experimental advances in converting these activated nitrogen species, offering pathways for sustainable chemical manufacturing and efficient nitrogen cycle management. Key topics of interest include:
Electrochemical reduction of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrogen oxides to ammonia.
Co-reduction of activated nitrogen species with carbon-based compounds (e.g., CO2) to produce nitrogenated organic compounds such as nitroalkanes, alkyl nitrites, amines, and amides.
Mechanistic studies (both experimental and theoretical) aimed at understanding the reaction pathways for activated nitrogen conversion.
Catalyst design and materials development for nitrogen electroreduction, with a focus on enhancing selectivity, stability, and energy efficiency.
Hybrid processes that combine biological and electrochemical methods to convert nitrogen species.
We invite original research Articles, Reviews, and Perspectives that address these critical aspects. By fostering a deeper understanding of nitrogen electroreduction, this Collection aims to advance the development of sustainable and scalable processes to balance the nitrogen cycle and decarbonize chemical manufacturing.
Although aqueous nitrate ions can be electrocatalytically reduced to value added or benign products, the impact of the electrochemical potential on key reaction steps remains poorly understood. Here, using explicit and analytical grand-canonical density functional theory, the authors investigate the potential dependence of nitrate adsorption and dissociation on pure metals and Cu-based single-atom alloys, reporting a correlation with changes in the surface normal dipole moment largely due to partial charge transfer during nitrate adsorption and N-O bond cleavage during dissociation.
Electrochemical synthesis routes powered by renewable electricity can provide sustainable chemical commodities by replacing conventional fossil-based processes. Here, the authors employ computational methods to provide new insight towards the identification of highly selective catalysts, by analysing existing experimental data on the selectivity of transition metal catalysts towards electrochemically synthesized urea.
Co-electrolysis of nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides has been studied for over two decades but remains largely inefficient with numerous persisting knowledge voids. Here, the authors report a thermodynamic basis for modelling urea production via co-electrolysis using several exchange-correlation functionals, highlighting the importance of gas-phase error assessment in computational electrocatalysis.
The simultaneous electroreduction of carbon dioxide and nitrate is a promising and environmentally benign route to urea production, but achieving high selectivity for urea electrosynthesis via this route remains challenging. Here, CuOxZnOy electrodes are shown to enable the efficient and selective production of urea under mild conditions, with the efficiency found to strongly depend on the metal ratio within the catalyst composition.