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Xu et al. find that large language models not only align with human representations in non-sensorimotor domains but also diverge in sensorimotor ones, with additional visual training associated with enhanced alignment.
An analysis of nearly 100,000 academics on Twitter reveals strong progressive stances on climate and social issues, driven by a small, vocal subset. The study highlights potential gaps between academic voices and public discourse.
Across five randomized controlled trials, Woodley et al. find that a cooperative online quiz game reduced partisan animosity, improved democracy-related attitudes and was highly enjoyable. Effects persisted for up to four months.
Collecting an extensive publicly available dataset on four inhibitory control tasks, Gratton et al. show that more than 1,000 trials per participant are necessary to reduce within-participant variability and improve the reliability of the congruency effect.
Why do people follow rules, even when breaking them has no consequences? Experiments with 14,034 participants reveal that rule-following is not just about rewards or punishments—it is driven by intrinsic respect for rules and social expectations, regulating everyday social interactions.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is clinically heterogeneous, with ongoing debates about phenotypic differences between boys and girls. Leveraging the Get SET Early programme, Pierce and colleagues find no statistically significant sex differences in toddlers with ASD across 17 of 18 measures, including symptom severity, receptive and expressive language, and social attention.
PIGEON is a statistical framework that uses summary statistics from genome-wide interaction studies to estimate how genes and environments jointly influence human complex traits.
Tu et al. find inequalities in access to economic, social and environmental infrastructure across 166 countries. Regional disparities and their association with health outcomes underscore the need for equitable infrastructure development.
Salvi et al. find that GPT-4 outperforms humans in debates when given basic sociodemographic data. With personalization, GPT-4 had 81.2% higher odds of post-debate agreement than humans.
Social comparison is frequently used as a behaviour change technique. This meta-analysis of 79 randomized controlled trials found a significant effect of social comparison as a behaviour change technique on behaviours related to health, performance, service and the environment.
Fridman, Khazeeva et al. show associations of reproductive phenotypes and educational attainment in heterozygotic carriers of pathogenic variants associated with recessive conditions.
In this Registered Report, Crompton et al. examine how information is shared by autistic and non-autistic people and find that both perform comparably well. However, rapport is higher with others of the same neurotype and when diagnosis is disclosed.
This study of 50 wild Western chimpanzee mother–offspring dyads revealed no evidence of disorganized attachment. Instead, offspring exhibited secure-like and insecure avoidant-like behaviours during threats, consistent with the theory that attachment is an adaptive trait.
Large language models perform well in self-interested games such as the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma but struggle in games that require coordination. Social reasoning strategies can improve cooperative outcomes with both other models and human players.
A genome-wide association study of age at onset of walking in over 70,000 infants found 11 significant loci. Age at onset of walking showed SNP heritability of 24%, a reliable polygenic score and genetic overlap with ADHD and brain phenotypes.
