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Gao and Wang develop a measurement framework that demonstrates the widespread use and benefits of AI in science. Nonetheless, there is a substantial gap between AI education and application across disciplines.
This umbrella review of 194 observational meta-analyses and 748 interventional studies finds that maternal adiposity is associated with 12 adverse perinatal and offspring outcomes. Maternal weight loss interventions can only reduce some of these effects.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level tobacco control policies, Akter et al. find that anti-tobacco campaigns, smoking bans, health warnings and tax increases are effective measures for curbing smoking behaviour.
Across 1.2 billion data points, Bayerl et al. find that women submit higher online review ratings than men, which is probably due to their greater concern about social consequences when sharing negative feedback.
Masters-Waage et al. report that underrepresented minority (URM) faculty in the USA face barriers in the promotion and tenure process, receiving more negative votes and fewer unanimous positive decisions at the college level. This is partly due to a double standard: URM faculty are held to a higher standard than non-URM faculty in terms of scholarly productivity.
From 2018 to 2022, 48 anti-transgender laws were enacted in the USA across 19 states. This study shows that these anti-transgender laws increased past-year suicide attempts among transgender and non-binary young people by as much as 72%.
Blum et al. report evidence of lengthening of word-initial consonants across a diverse sample of 51 languages. On average, these consonants are 13 ms longer than word-medial ones, helping mark word boundaries in continuous speech, which is crucial for understanding speech.
How do people track information flow through social networks? New research finds that extended periods of rest, such as sleep, help people build abstract cognitive maps that identify efficient routes between remotely connected network members.
Loneliness was found to be linked to increased risk for 30 out of 56 diseases in a UK Biobank study. However, genetic analyses show that loneliness likely causes only six diseases. These findings suggest that loneliness is more a potential surrogate marker than a direct cause for most diseases.
Do fact-checker warning labels work for those who distrust fact-checkers? Martel and Rand analyse 21 experiments and find that warning labels reduce belief in, and sharing of, false posts both on average and for those highly distrusting of fact-checkers.
Repetto et al. provide an analysis of the genetic basis of variation of neuro-related protein levels in plasma and link this to human behaviour and disorders.
Using a dataset spanning 74 countries, Pertl et al. show that emotions predict intertemporal and risky decision-making. These relationships are stronger in more economically developed and individualistic countries.
Across 27 countries, Većkalov and Geiger et al. find that scientific consensus messaging on climate change is an effective, non-polarizing tool for changing misperceptions, beliefs and worry but not support for public action.
Malanchini et al. find that non-cognitive skills increasingly predict academic achievement over development, driven by shared genetic factors whose influence grows over school years. These effects persist across socio-economic contexts and suggest the importance of fostering non-cognitive skills in education.
