Review Articles

Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by altered metabolic profiles and changes in immune cell metabolism. The authors review these changes and discuss how interventions that target metabolic processes might provide treatment options in systemic lupus erythematosus.

This Review discusses the advances and challenges of managing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. The authors discuss current treatment options, emerging therapies and unmet needs in the management of this disease.

This Review discusses the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of monogenic forms of vasculitis. The authors emphasize that increased awareness of these rare diseases could aid earlier diagnosis and better, more-targeted treatment options for patients.

This Review provides a comprehensive overview of fibroblast biology in rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. The authors discuss insights into fibroblast behaviour and pathogenicity from single-cell and functional studies and describe how these findings have informed efforts to therapeutically target fibroblasts.

This Review explores the ongoing debate regarding the definition of cell identity, with a focus on the immune and stromal cell landscape within rheumatology. The authors discuss the implications of different frameworks of cell identity for disease treatment and the discovery of predictive biomarkers for stratified medicine.

Systemic vasculitis, including monogenic forms, is associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic events (AVTEs). This Review highlights the latest advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical features and management of AVTEs in systemic and monogenic vasculitis.

IgG4-related disease is a fibro-inflammatory disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Herein the authors review the latest developments in IgG4-related disease clinical phenotyping, pathophysiology and management, with a focus on the main mimics of this disease and how to approach issues related to differential diagnosis.

This Review discusses how pain in osteoarthritis might involve adaptations of brain circuits, and suggests that osteoarthritis pain management should consider targeting central mechanisms of pain in addition to nociceptive neuron activity.

Insights from the composition, structure and development of articular cartilage are key for long-term therapeutic strategies to restore articular cartilage. The authors emphasize that future therapies should replicate the depth-dependent alignment of collagen and its interactions with the extracellular matrix to produce implants that mimic the biomechanical properties of cartilage.

This Review provides an update on the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. The authors discuss emerging therapeutics that target the immune system in osteoarthritis and the challenges that limit the movement towards personalized medicine.

In this Review, the authors provide an overview of gout and hyperuricaemia in Indigenous peoples of the Pacific region, including discussion of genetic, clinical and cultural aspects and how to address the inequitable health outcomes and suboptimal gout management in these populations.

Stem and progenitor cells that contribute to tissue repair reside within various niches in the synovial joints of adult mammals. Understanding of the origins, identities and functions of these cells will guide the development of pro-regenerative therapeutic strategies.

Garrido-Mesa and Brown review findings from TCR profiling studies in rheumatic diseases and discuss how improved study design might help elicit information about autoreactive T cell clones and their contribution to disease pathogenesis.

This Review discusses the current evidence for the association between occupational exposures, particularly silica dust and solvents, and the risk of developing systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The authors emphasize the importance of considering occupational history in the rheumatology clinic.

This Review summarizes lessons learned from the use of rituximab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and discusses the future of B cell targeting therapies, highlighting therapeutic options after rituximab failure and opportunities for personalized treatment.

This Review discusses obstacles to health care equity in rheumatic disease, including access to health care and the use of inaccurate language when labelling population groups. The authors also highlight the siloing of biological and epidemiological research in rheumatology. They conclude with recommendations for achieving equitable precision medicine.

In this Review the author summarizes the current approaches for antigen-specific therapies in the treatment of autoimmune disease and highlights the challenges that need to be addressed for successful use of this therapeutic strategy.

In this Review, Nigrovic and colleagues examine potential mechanisms underlying the paradoxical continuation of inflammation in arthritis, despite the increased numbers of regulatory T cells in inflamed joints, and discuss the implications for regulatory T cell-targeted therapeutic interventions in inflammatory arthritis.

This Review provides an update on the evidence for the three main hypotheses of HLA-B27 in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. The authors discuss the current understanding of the effect of HLA-B27 on innate and adaptive immunity and how this drives disease.

This Review provides a comprehensive update on dysregulated type I interferon production and signalling in autoinflammatory interferonopathies, monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus and conditions that present with broad immune dysregulation and interferon signatures. The authors provide a classification for autoinflammatory interferonopathies based on disease mechanisms of increased type I interferon production and signalling and overlapping clinical phenotypes.