Table 1 Description of the sample (n = 39).

From: Craving changes in first 14 days of addiction treatment: an outcome predictor of 5 years substance use status?

Sample characteristics

All participants (N = 39)

Abstinence group (N = 19)

Substance Use group (N = 20)

p-value1

% (n)

Mean (SD)

% (n)

Mean (SD)

% (n)

Mean (SD)

BASELINE

Primary substance

 

Alcohol

43 (17)

 

32 (6)

 

55 (11)

 

0.200

Tobacco

23 (9)

 

21(4)

 

25 (5)

 

1.0

Cannabis

26 (10)

 

32 (6)

 

20 (4)

 

0.480

Opiates

8 (3)

 

16 (3)

 

0

 

0.106

Sex (male)

69 (27)

 

68 (13)

 

70 (14)

 

1.0

Employed

62 (24)

 

63 (12)

 

60 (12)

 

1.0

Age

 

35.9 (11.3)

 

36.5 (12.2)

 

35.3 (10.5)

0.822

Education (years)

 

13.1 (3.3)

 

13.2 (4.1)

 

13.1 (2.5)

0.523

Days of primary substance use (past 30 days)

 

25.3 (8.3)

 

25.3 (7.5)

 

25.2 (9.2)

0.581

ASI addiction severity (0–9)

 

6.5 (0.7)

 

6.5 (0.7)

 

6.5 (0.6)

0.854

Medication

79 (30)

 

68 (13)

 

89 (17)

  

MINI addiction severity

 

6.0 (1.45)

 

6.0 (0.33)

 

6.1 (0.33)

0.885

MINI DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis

 

Mood disorder

39 (15)

 

32 (6)

 

45 (9)

 

0.514

Anxiety disorder

39 (15)

 

32 (6)

 

45 (9)

 

0.514

FOLLOW-UP

Average time between treatment initiation (EMA study) and follow-up (months)

 

77.7 (12.7)

 

78 (12.7)

 

77.5 (13.0)

0.767

Days of primary substance use (past 30 days)

 

8.5 (12.2)

 

0

 

16.6 (12.5)

< 0.0001

ASI addiction severity (0-9)

 

2.3 (1.9)

 

0.9 (1.0)

 

3.5 (1.8)

< 0.0001

Still receiving addiction treatment

51 (20)

 

53 (10)

 

50 (10)

 

1.0

  1. Sample characteristics are described both at baseline and follow-up, among all participants, and separately for long-term abstinence versus substance use groups.
  2. 1Comparison between abstinence vs. substance use groups: Fisher tests for nominal variables and Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables.
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