Fig. 3: The OR value plot of the effects of other disorders and MDD.

a The OR value plot of the effects of other disorders on MDD in the two-sample MR analysis. The causal impact of other disorders on depression is characterized by a wide range of disorders with strong and significant differences in their contributions, with the more prominent ones being emotionally unstable personality disorder (OR = 3.02), personality disorders (more control exclusions) (OR = 2.66), mixed and other personality disorders (OR = 2.46), any mental disorder, or suicide (or attempt), or psychic disorders complicating pregnancy, partum or puerperium or nerve system disorders (OR = 2.44), fibromyalgia (OR = 2.33), panic disorder (OR = 2.30), hyperkinetic disorders (OR = 2.22), other and unspecified mood [affective] disorders (OR = 2.17), other anxiety disorders (OR = 2.16). KRA_PSY_ANYMENTAL_SUICID_PREG_NERV_EXMORE: any mental disorder, suicide (or attempt), or psychic disorders complicating pregnancy, partum or puerperium or nerve system disorders (more control exclusions); F5_BEHEMOCHILD: behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence; F5_OTHERSUB: mental and behavioral disorders due to multiple drug use and use of multiple drugs and use of other psychoactive substances; VWXY20_INTENTI_SELF_P_EXPOS_OTHER_UNSPE_CHEMIC_NOXIO_SUBST: intentional self-poisoning by and exposure to other and unspecified chemicals and noxious substances. The β-values were cut off at the 0.50 level. b The OR value plot of the effects of MDD on other disorders in the 2-sample MR analysis. The causal impact of depression on other disorders is characterized by a relatively limited variety of disorders with restricted and non-significant differences in contribution, with the more prominent ones being haemangioma and lymphangioma, any site (OR = 1.41), benign neoplasm of the eye and adnexa (OR = 1.31), and benign lipomatous neoplasm of other sites/unspecified (OR = 1.30).