Fig. 1: Flow diagram of study participants.

The data used in this study were obtained from the participants of the HMACS who were recruited between 2018 and 2023. During this period, a total of 2603 participants were followed up. After excluding 36 participants with severe diseases and/or significant impairment in activities of daily living, as well as 11 participants with severe mental disorders, a total of 2556 participants met the inclusion criteria of the HMACS.