Fig. 6: YAP signaling in immunomodulation through spatially confined strategies.

a IF staining illustrating inflammation with F4/80⁺ macrophages in sciatic nerves at 12 weeks post-injury. b IF staining of CD86⁺ M1 macrophages in sciatic nerves at 12 weeks post-injury. c Quantification of F4/80⁺ inflammatory macrophages per 10,000 μm² in regenerated nerves at 12 weeks (n = 12). d Quantification of CD86⁺ M1 macrophages per 10,000 μm² in regenerated nerves at 12 weeks (n = 12). e IF staining of Iba-1⁺ microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord at 12 weeks post-operation. f IF staining showing CD86⁺ microglia in dorsal horn of the spinal cord at 12 weeks post-injury. g Quantification of Iba-1⁺ microglia per 10,000 μm² in the spinal cord dorsal horn at 12 weeks (n = 6). h Quantification of CD86⁺ microglia per 10,000 μm² in the spinal cord dorsal horn at 12 weeks (n = 6). i Scheme illustrating the role of CC strategy in resolving allodynia, extending from the peripheral nerves to the spinal cord, suggesting that the CC strategy reduces neuroinflammation and allodynia through YAP-mediated mechanotransduction. Mean values are shown and error bars represent ± s.d., as analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests in (c–h).