Fig. 8: HypnoS monitors iAdo dynamics in freely moving mice during sleep-wake cycles.

a Schematic diagram depicting the strategy for in vivo fiber photometry recording during the sleep-wake cycles. b EEG power spectrogram, EMG (scale, 1 mV), HypnoS (top, green) and HypnoS-mut (bottom, gray) signals (scale, 5 z-score) during the sleep-wake cycles. In this and subsequent figures, the wake state is shaded in blue, REM sleep is shaded in pink, and NREM sleep is unshaded. Summary of the average HypnoS (c; n = 7 sessions from 5 mice) and HypnoS-mut (d; n = 7 sessions from 5 mice) fluorescence responses measured in the indicated sleep-wake states. Each symbol represents data from one recording. Paired two-tailed Student’s t-test: for HypnoS, P = 0.00046 between wake and NREM and P = 0.00057 between REM and NREM; for HypnoS-mut, P = 0.066 between wake and NREM and P = 0.16 between REM and NREM. e Time course and average signals measured for the HypnoS (green) or HypnoS-mut (gray) during the indicated transitions between sleep-wake states. The vertical dashed lines at time 0 represent the transition time. Unpaired two-tailed multiple t-test is performed between HypnoS and HypnoS-mut trace with shaded regions indicating P ˂ 0.05. The exact P values are provided in the Source Data file. Paired two-tailed Student’s t-test is performed between different brain states: REM→wake P = 0.075; NREM→wake P = 0.00041; wake→NREM P = 0.00055; NREM→REM P = 0.0017. n = 7 sessions from 5 mice for each panel. f Summary of t₅₀ measured for the change in HypnoS fluorescence. n = 7 sessions from 5 mice. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. in e, f with the error bars or shaded regions indicating the s.e.m. ***P < 0.001; ns not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.