Fig. 2: Pathological responses, biomarkers and survival outcomes.

a, Waterfall plots of pathologic tumor regression (percentage reduction of viable tumor cells) in resected tumors and lymph nodes following neoadjuvant treatment with nivolumab (arm A, blue) or nivolumab and relatlimab (arm B, red). The color intensity encodes the category of PD-L1 expression by tumor cells (TPS <1% light color, TPS 1–49% medium dark color, TPS 50–100% dark color). The lower panel depicts the oncogram of each tumor using next-generation DNA sequencing of 500 cancer-related genes. Boxes represent pathogenic genomic aberrations in the respective gene. Genes with pathogenic aberrations in at least two study patients are listed. b, Kaplan–Meier plots for OS (left) and DFS (right) per study arm (arm A nivolumab, blue; arm B nivolumab and relatlimab, red). c, Kaplan–Meier plot for DFS in patients achieving a MPR (≤10% viable tumor cells (green)), and not achieving a MPR (>10% viable tumor cells (orange)). Statistical comparisons by log-rank test, vertical lines indicate censored patients. Two patients (both arm A) had died from noncancer causes. Six patients (four in arm A and two in arm B) have recurred or died. No patient with MPR has recurred, one patient with MPR had died from a noncancer cause. d, Fraction and number of patients with complete pathological response (pCR, upper) and MPR (lower) in study arms A (nivolumab (blue)) and B (nivolumab and relatlimab (red)).