Fig. 1: Efficacy outcomes.

The primary efficacy outcome was cardiovascular death (deaths of undetermined causes were excluded). Pre-specified sensitivity analysis of the primary efficacy outcome considered deaths of undetermined causes as having a cardiovascular cause. The kidney composite outcome was defined as a sustained decrease in eGFR to ≥50% from baseline, sustained decline in eGFR to <15 ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻², kidney failure and death due to kidney failure. Major adverse cardiovascular events included cardiovascular death or a non-fatal cardiovascular event (HF hospitalization, myocardial infarction or stroke). The composite of all-cause death or all-cause hospitalization was defined post hoc. All primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed as time to first outcomes using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model including the study intervention group as a fixed effect and stratified by geographic region and individual trial. All two-sided P values are reported without adjustment for multiple comparisons. The bars represent 95% CIs around each treatment effect point estimate. CV, cardiovascular; IR, incidence rate.