Extended Data Fig. 3: Coffee intake differences in Israeli versus Swedish.

A. Trends in per capita coffee consumption (kg) in Sweden and Israel over the past 50 years (data source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). B. Histograms in brown showing the raw coffee intake densities while that in grey showing the total densities over a specific coffee intake levels (n = 689). For instance, 95.2%, 84.6, and 57.8% individuals in this cohort took at least one, two, and three cups of coffee per day. C. Boxplots showing the relative abundance changes of distinct Lawsonibacter species (including the top two most abundant L. asaccharolyticus and L. sp900066825) along increased coffee intake levels (n = 689). Boxes show median (line), 25th/75th percentiles (box), and 1.5x the interquartile range (whiskers). Wilcox rank-sum test (two-sided); *, P = 0.0468( < 0.05); *, P = 0.00669( < 0.01);#, P = 7.045e-06( < 0.001).