Table 4 Risk of CVD mortality associated with positive screen for cancer after excluding screening-detected cancers.

From: Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality associated with occasional positive screens following cancer screenings

Groups

Overall

Without previous CVD

With previous CVD

CVD mortality

Adjusted

CVD mortality

Adjusted

CVD mortality

Adjusted

/ Total

HR (95%CI)a

/ Total

HR (95%CI)a

/ Total

HR (95%CI)a

Control arm

8788 / 74,008

Ref.b

3626 / 45,288

Ref.b

5162 / 28,720

Ref.b

 Male

5319 / 36,197

Ref.c

2092 / 21,145

Ref.c

3227 / 15,052

Ref.c

 Female

3469 / 37,811

Ref.d

1534 / 24,143

Ref.d

1935 / 13,668

Ref.d

Screening arm

8366 / 69,247

0.996 (0.966–1.026)b

3359 / 42,474

0.964 (0.920–1.011)b

5007 / 26,773

1.019 (0.980–1.059)b

 No screen

865 / 4776

1.436 (1.338–1.540) b

281 / 2436

1.431 (1.266–1.616) b

584 / 2340

1.445 (1.326–1.575) b

 Negative screening

337 / 3642

0.924 (0.828–1.030)b

143 / 2378

0.885 (0.748–1.046)b

194 / 1264

0.952 (0.825–1.099)b

 Positive screens

7164 / 60,829

0.963 (0.933–0.993) b

2935 / 37,660

0.939 (0.894–0.986) b

4229 / 23,169

0.980 (0.941–1.021)b

  Number of positive screens

   ≤ 2 positive screens

3504 / 32,468

0.933 (0.897–0.970) b

1494 / 20,523

0.919 (0.865–0.976) b

2010 / 11,945

0.945 (0.898–0.995) b

   > 2 positive screens

3660 / 28,361

0.993 (0.955–1.032)b

1441 / 17,137

0.959 (0.902–1.019)b

2219 / 11,224

1.015 (0.966–1.067)b

  Type of occasional positive screening (≤ 2 positive screens)

   Positive X-ray

1879 / 14,204

1.101 (1.047–1.157) b

744 / 8547

1.057 (0.976–1.143)b

1135 / 5657

1.132 (1.061–1.207) b

   Positive FSG

1899 / 19,179

0.837 (0.796–0.879) b

845 / 12,307

0.859 (0.797–0.926) b

1054 / 6872

0.824 (0.771–0.881) b

   Positive PSA

108 / 568

1.402 (1.159–1.697) c

37 / 337

1.055 (0.762–1.461)c

71 / 231

1.684 (1.331–2.132) c

   Positive DRE

758 / 5312

1.030 (0.954–1.112)c

310 / 3262

0.983 (0.873–1.108)c

448 / 2050

1.062 (0.962–1.172)c

   Positive CA-125

34 / 305

1.358 (0.969–1.905)d

14 / 195

1.322 (0.780–2.239)d

20 / 110

1.396 (0.898–2.170)d

   Positive TVU

451 / 6085

0.847 (0.768–0.935) d

212 / 4086

0.847 (0.733–0.978) d

239 / 1999

0.855 (0.747–0.978) d

  1. Note: HR (95%CI), hazard ratio (95% confidential interval). a, multivariable cox models adjusting all covariates significantly associated with overall or gender-specific CVD mortality listed in Supplementary Table 1; b, compared to overall participants in the control arms; c, compared to male participants in the control arms; d, compared to female participants in the control arms.