Table 6 Optimal outcomes from different algorithms for the tension/compression spring design problem.

From: Cooperative metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization and engineering problems inspired by heterosis theory

Algorithm

Optimum variables

Optimal cost value

 

\(x_1\)

\(x_2\)

\(x_3\)

\(x_4\)

 

CMA

0.1988

3.3374

9.1920

0.1988

1.6702

PSO

0.1546

4.4269

9.1920

0.1988

1.7372

ACO

0.1615

4.4077

9.8770

0.1989

1.8667

BES

0.2329

3.9478

9.0306

0.2083

1.6761

DE

0.1988

3.3374

9.1920

0.1988

1.6716

BOA

0.1250

6.4081

9.6407

0.1969

1.9740

GWO

0.1982

3.3530

9.1980

0.1989

1.6726

WOA

0.1910

3.6762

9.0607

0.2046

1.7250

PS-BES

0.1988

3.3374

9.1920

0.1988

1.6702

PSOBOA

0.1988

3.3374

9.1920

0.1988

1.6702

HPSOBOA

0.1988

3.3374

9.1920

0.1988

1.6702

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