Fig. 2
From: Personalized tourism recommendation model based on temporal multilayer sequential neural network

Route coding procedure (the maps were generated using QGIS software, version 3.28.14-Firenze, available at: https://qgis.org/). Each tourist attraction is identified by a unique numerical ID, and the complete travel itinerary of visitors is recorded. By integrating the geographical information of each attraction, continuous position encodings are generated using sine and cosine functions, resulting in continuous vectors recognizable by TMS-Net.