Table 2 Risk of ILD according to RA status and serologic status of RA.

	Participants No.	ILD	Duration (PY)	Incident rate (/1,000 PY) with 95% CI	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Model 1 aHR (95% CI)	Model 2 aHR (95% CI)	Model 3 sHR (95% CI)
By RA status
Control	261,625	1,197	1,189,075.5	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
RA	52,325	1,921	231,535.6	8.30 (7.93–8.68)	8.25 (7.68–8.87)	8.19 (7.62–8.81)	7.97 (7.41–8.58)	7.84 (7.29–8.44)
By RA status and seropositivity
Control	261,625	1,197	1,189,075.5	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
SNRA	15,094	323	66,178.0	4.88 (4.36–5.44)	4.86 (4.30–5.49)	4.94 (4.36–5.58)	4.83 (4.27–5.47)	4.81 (4.25–5.44)
SPRA	37,231	1,598	165,357.6	9.66 (9.20–10.15)	9.61 (8.91–10.35)	9.47 (8.78–10.21)	9.19 (8.52–9.91)	9.00 (8.34–9.72)
By seropositivity
SNRA	15,094	323	66,178.0	4.88 (4.36–5.44)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
SPRA	37,231	1,598	165,357.6	9.66 (9.20–10.15)	1.98 (1.76–2.23)	1.94 (1.72–2.18)	1.92 (1.70–2.16)	1.90 (1.68–2.14)

Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, low income, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and body mass index.
Model 2 was further adjusted for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, airway diseases, and tuberculosis.
Model 3 used the Fine-Gray Competing risk model. Model 3 was also adjusted for age, sex, low income, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, airway diseases, and tuberculosis.
ILD interstitial lung disease; RA rheumatoid arthritis; PY person-years; HR hazard ratio; CI confidence interval; aHR adjusted hazard ratio; sHR subdistribution hazard ratio; SNRA seronegative RA; SPRA seropositive RA.

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