A protocol for data harmonization in large cohorts

Funded by the European Union. Complementary funding was received by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee (10041392 and 10038599). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HADEA) or UKRI. The European Union, HADEA or UKRI cannot be held responsible for them. This work received support from the Chinese Ministry for Science and Technology (MOST), the Horizon 2020-funded European Research Council advanced grant ‘STRATIFY’ (695313); the German Research Foundation (COPE; 675346; NE 1383/15-1 and BA 2088/7-1 (CoviDrug)), the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 82150710554, the Hector II foundation and the German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) (01EE2301A, 01EE2304A, 01EE2301D).

Authors and Affiliations

1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

   Maja Neidhart, Henrik Walter, Andreas Heinz, Nilakshi Vaidya, Emin Serin, Esther Hitchen, Elli Polemiti, Hedi Kebir & Tristram A. Lett

2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

   Maja Neidhart, Karina Jansone, Nathalie Holz & Tobias Banaschewski

3. German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Berlin, Germany

   Maja Neidhart, Karina Jansone, Nathalie Holz, Henrik Walter, Gunter Schumann, Michael A. Rapp, Tobias Banaschewski & Jean-Charles Roy

4. Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

   Rikka Kjelkenes

5. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

   Rikka Kjelkenes, Lars T. Westlye & Helga Ask

6. Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

   Karina Jansone, Frauke Nees, Frauke Nees, Sebastian Siehl, Beke Seefried & Rieke Aden

7. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

   Barbora Rehák Bučková & Jean-Charles Roy

8. Centre of Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

   Gunter Schumann, Nilakshi Vaidya, Esther Hitchen, Elli Polemiti, Hedi Kebir & Tristram A. Lett

9. Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China

   Gunter Schumann, Tianye Jia, Yanting Gong, Yunman Xia & Xiao Chang

10. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Gunter Schumann

11. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

    Michael A. Rapp

12. Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

    Emanuel Schwarz

13. Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

    Andre Marquand & Antoine Bernas

14. Department of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Markus Ralser

15. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Markus Ralser

16. Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany

    Markus Ralser

17. Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Berlin, Germany

    Sven Twardziok, Marcel Jentsch, Roland Eils, Ulrike-Helene Taron & Tatjana Schütz

18. Institute of Meteorology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Kerstin Schepanski & Jamie Banks

19. Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Nina Christmann, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Heike Tost & Argyris Stringaris

20. Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Ole A. Andreassen, Lars T. Westlye, Dennis van der Meer & Sara Fernandez

21. K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Ole A. Andreassen & Lars T. Westlye

22. Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

    Helga Ask

23. Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

    Michael Rapp, Mira Tschorn & Sarah Jane Böttger

24. Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria

    Gaia Novarino & Lena Marr

25. Event Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova, Barcelona, Spain

    Mel Slater

26. Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK

    Mel Slater

27. Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Mundet, Barcelona, Spain

    Guillem Feixas Viapiana, Francisco Eiroa Orosa, Jaime Gallego & Alvaro Pastor

28. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Andreas J. Forstner, Per Hoffmann, Markus M. Nöthen, Isabelle Claus, Abigail Miller, Carina M. Mathey & Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach

29. Ksilink, Strasbourg, France

    Peter Sommer, Myrto Patraskaki, Johannes Wilbertz & Karen Schmitt

30. Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR1106, Marseille, France

    Viktor Jirsa, Spase Petkoski, Séverine Pitel, Lisa Otten & Anastasios-Polykarpos Athanasiadis

31. Virtual Bodyworks, Barcelona, Spain

    Charlie Pearmund, Bernhard Spanlang, Elena Alvarez, Mavi Sanchez & Arantxa Giner

32. Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    Sören Hese & Paul Renner

33. Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Vince Calhoun & Jingyu Liu

34. Concentris Research Management, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany

    Ameli Schwalber

35. Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Paul Thompson

36. Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA

    Nicholas Clinton

37. Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

    Sylvane Desrivières

38. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

    Allan H. Young

39. School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Bernd Stahl & George Ogoh

Consortia

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andre Marquand.

Competing interests

T.B. served in an advisory or consultancy role for eye level, Infectopharm, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH and Takeda. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Janssen-Cilag, Medice and Takeda. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien and Oxford University Press; the present work is unrelated to these relationships. E.S. received speaker fees from Lundbeckfonden and bfd buchholz-fachinformationsdienst GmbH and editorial fees from Lundbeckfonden. All other authors report no potential conflicts of interest.

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