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The Ca²⁺ modulated pulsatile glucagon and insulin secretions by pancreatic α and β cells are critical in glucose homeostasis. Here the authors show that the Ca²⁺ oscillations of α and β cells are phase-locked, and that the oscillation pattern is tuned by paracrine interactions between α and β cells.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.

Weng et al. developed a photocaged lysine-based gain-of-function strategy termed DeKinomics to systematically dissect kinase activity with high specificity and temporal resolution under living conditions.

Plant viruses adopt diverse strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. Here the authors show that multiple different effectors from various rice viruses interfere with host gibberellin signaling by targeting the DELLA protein SLR1.

Examining the interplay of environmental exposure with the airway microbiome provides insights for possible intervention in lung health.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

The design of efficient and selective catalysts is a formidable challenge in chemical science. Here the authors design a data-driven workflow to achieve the digitalized knowledge transfer between the synthetically relevant transformations, which was demonstrated in the prediction of chiral carboxylic acid co-catalyst for the cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric C–H alkylation of indoles.

Analysing the genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench, the authors show genetic changes associated with unique morphological and physiological adaptations to life in the hadal zone.

SETD2 methylates histone H3K36me3 in gene bodies in mammalian cells. Here the authors show H3K36me3 is also enriched at the promoter regions, and that this methylation is carried out by SMYD5, which is recruited by RNA polymerase II. They furthermore show SMYD5 is elevated in liver cancer and is correlated with changes in gene expression.

Zheng et al. generate and utilize a biobank of colorectal cancer PDOs to find that high LGR4 is linked to chemoresistance. They develop a monoclonal antibody against LGR4 that activates ferroptosis and is therapeutically beneficial.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

Achieving direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion from pure water using solely organic heterogeneous catalysts is still challenging. Here the authors report an all-organic semiconductor catalyst system for overall water splitting under visible to near-infrared light via triplet-triplet annihilation up conversion based on spin coupling.

The current use of elastography ultrasound faces challenges, including vulnerability to subjective manipulation, echo signal attenuation, unknown risks of elastic pressure and high imaging hardware cost. Here, the author shows a virtual elastography to empower low-end ultrasound devices with state-of-art elastography function.

Sun and Jin et al. report that a population of neurons in the subiculum form a pathway for visual information to reach the hippocampus and impact place-specific activity. Activation of these neurons promotes the formation of object-___location memories.

The ability to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into insulin producing cells holds potential for diabetes treatments, but many of these approaches lack the complexity needed for in vitro disease modeling. Here they develop an hPSC-derived islet spheroid system, offering an experimental model to study pancreatic budding and islet morphogenesis with human cells.

Galectin-3, mainly produced and secreted by macrophages, is elevated in diabetes. Here, the authors show that galectin-3 directly interacts with voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 1 (CACNG1) and blocks calcium transients and subsequent insulin secretion.

SERRATE (SE) is an RNA processing factor that regulates plant growth and development starting from the embryo stage. Here, interacting partners of SE that are also the key components of the ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome are identified and characterized to play important roles in regulating SE degradation and RNA metabolism in Arabidopsis.

This study uncovered a gene duplication in legumes that produces a nodule-enriched nKCBP protein, a plant-specific kinesin motor, and found that rhizobia co-opts nKCBP to control vacuole morphogenesis in symbiotic cells, thus achieving successful endosymbiosis.

Given the importance of the chiral α-benzyl cyclic carbonyl motif in pharmaceutically active compounds, various transformations have been developed to access chiral compounds containing this motif but they often include harsh reaction conditions. Here the authors develop a one-pot concurrent chemoenzymatic cascade reaction and demonstrate the synthesis of α-benzylcyclic ketones with high enantioselectivity.

Adipose beiging is a positive biological change, which is often thought to be primarily sympathetically induced. Here, the authors show that M2 macrophages can independently promote beige adipogenesis, further revealing the adipocyte transcription factor Ets1 as a negative regulator of this process.

Grain boundaries are known to be generally detrimental to the operation of metal halide perovskite solar cells. Here Xiao et al. show with scanning photocurrent microscopy that ferroelastic twin boundaries are benign to the electrical properties in crystalline samples, in contrast to grain boundaries.

Plant viruses have evolved various virulence strategies to overcome plant immunity. Here the authors show that distinct viral proteins repress JA-SA crosstalk by targeting rice NPR1 protein to facilitate viral infection

A precise catalogue of more than 19 million variants from 838 tomato genomes, including 32 new reference-level genome assemblies, advances the understanding of the heritability of complex traits and demonstrates the power of the graph pangenome in crop breeding.

The dynamics of planted forests in China over the past three decades have contributed ~1198tg of above-ground carbon storage.

Southern Oman speleothem oxygen isotope and multi-proxy data reveal diverse changes in the Afro-Indian summer monsoon circulations and local hydroclimate conditions during the Holocene, confirming climate model simulations.

ABA signaling and Ca²⁺ signaling regulatory networks are crucial for how plants respond to drought stress. Here, the authors reported that the functional module of the CBL1/9-CIPK1-PYLs regulatory network plays a negative role in ABA signaling and its response to drought stress.

A localized Wnt3a signal has been shown to induce asymmetric division of mouse embryonic stem cells. Here the authors develop SET-seq, an approach to jointly profile epigenome and transcriptome in the same single cell and use it to provide mechanistic insights into the gene regulatory programs for maintaining and resetting stem cell fate during differentiation.

Eye lens cells are highly enriched in cholesterol that sustains lens transparency, and disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis leads to cataracts. The authors show that cholesterol biosynthesis regulated by Qki is essential for maintenance of membrane integrity of lens cells and proper protein folding.

Food production systems need to balance yield and sustainability. Here, the authors conduct 6 years long crop diversification field experiments in the North China Plain, showing that diversifying cereal monocultures with cash crops and legumes cand improve yield and reduce GHG emissions.

New cave records from monsoon regions improve the Greenland ice core chronological framework around the Heinrich Stadial 2 by an order of magnitude, suggesting a more active role of low-latitude hydroclimate in millennial-scale climate oscillations.

MLL3 and MLL4 are members of the SET1/MLL family of histone H3K4 methyltransferases, which are responsible for monomethylating histone H3K4 on enhancers. Here the authors show that an extended PHD ___domain (ePHD₆) in MLL3 and MLL4 specifically recognizes an H4H18-containing fragment of histone H4, and that modifications of residues surrounding H4H18 modulate H4 binding to MLL3/4.

Nitrate electroreduction to ammonia can decrease pollutants and produce high-value ammonia. Here, the authors design a Fe/Cu diatomic catalyst on nitrogen-doped graphene, which exhibits high catalytic activities of and selectivity for ammonia.

The authors present a subcutaneous power supply which coverts NIR-II light to electricity via combination of photothermal conversion and thermoelectric conversion. They demonstrate that it can recharge an implanted wireless camera upon irradiation with NIR-II light through the skin.