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InterpolAI leverages optimal flow-based artificial intelligence to produce synthetic images between pairs of images for diverse three-dimensional image types. InterpolAI is more robust and accurate than existing methods, improving data quality for downstream analysis.

A genome-wide screen using human gut epithelial organoids combined with transposon-directed insertion sequencing identifies over 100 Shigella flexneri genes required for epithelial colonization.

Lattice distortion in electrode materials often results in battery degradation. Here, the authors exploit a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect in a MnO2/graphene superlattice to create strain-relieving structures, improving cycling stability in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Myelin accelerates neural signaling by increasing axonal conduction velocity, but its impact on network dynamics remains unclear. The authors show that myelination implements a gain control mechanism, stabilizing neural dynamics away from oscillatory regimes, offering insights into its role in neural computation and disease.

The quest for miniaturisation of electromechanical nanosystems requires the use of single molecules as active components. Here, the authors develop a piezoresistor based on a single bullvalene molecule that changes its shape by a Cope rearrangement.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

β-PdBi2 superconducting properties have been known about since the 1950s, with various works since then indicating the possibility of multiple superconducting gaps and unconventional superconductivity. However, so far only a single gap s-wave superconductivity was detected. Here, using tunnelling spectroscopy under an applied magnetic field, Powell et al observe a transition from s-wave to nodal pairing.

The physics of charge transport in graphene becomes particularly interesting near the Dirac point. Here, the authors demonstrate a negative minority carrier mobility due to drag between majority and minority carriers in graphene at the charge neutrality point.

Magnetic ___domain walls promise to be the potential candidate for advanced logic and neuromorphic computing devices. The present study explores spin-orbit torque driven complex nonlinear dynamics of achiral Néel ___domain walls in wide ferromagnetic strips and unveils the presence of dissipative solitons.

A violation of Lorentz symmetry would represent a fundamental departure from the physics of the standard model. Searching for anomalous neutrino oscillations, the IceCube collaboration reports no violation, and puts stringent bounds on its existence.

Although vaccination drops COVID-19 mortality in older adults, post-vaccine fatal COVID-19 in nursing home outbreaks was linked to Delta, Gamma and Mu variants, persistently detected in aerosols. Mortality was predicted by IFNB1 or age, ORF7a and ACE2 mRNAs.

Time-resolved measurements of the X-ray photoemission delay of core-level electrons using attosecond soft X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser can be used to determine the complex correlated dynamics of photoionization.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Silicon-based spin qubits are promising candidates for a scalable quantum computer. Here the authors demonstrate the violation of Bell’s inequality in gate-defined quantum dots in silicon, marking a significant advancement that showcases the maturity of this platform.

A major challenge for the use of skyrmions in information processing is getting them to move consistently, due to the presence of defects, and in a straight line, due to the skyrmion Hall effect. Here, Mallick et al overcome these challenges, demonstrating the motion of skyrmions in the dynamical flow regime in synthetic ferrimagnets.

Global control of a qubits using a single microwave field is a promising strategy for scalable quantum computing. Here the authors demonstrate individual addressability vial local electrodes and two-qubit gates in an array of Si quantum dot spin qubits dressed by a global microwave field and driven on-resonance.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

Targeted protein degradation has so far been rarely applied as an antiviral strategy. Here, the authors report that macrocycle-based PROTACs targeting host protein cyclophilin A, exploited during viral infection, show potent and isoform-selective degradation resulting in antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HCV.

Sen et al. report the stacking of a perovskite incipient ferroelectric nanomembrane with atomically thin 2D material for a back-end-of-line compatible ferroelectric-like field effect transistors, functioning as a cryogenic memory at 15 K and as an inference engine at room temperature.

Self-supervised representation learning on data from imaging mass cytometry can be used to distinguish morphological differences in tumour microenvironments and to precisely characterize distinct microenvironment signatures.

The roles played by thrombin in the human intestinal mucosa are unclear. Here, the authors show that the commensal microbiota modulates epithelial production of active thrombin, which controls biofilm growth and contributes to protection of the mucosa from bacterial invasion.

A gene’s function is governed by its sequence, structure and context. Here, the authors develop a genomic language model that learns contextualized functional representations from diverse and large-scale metagenomic datasets.

Measuring rhythm priors in 39 participant groups from 15 countries, the authors find that properties of rhythm representations are common across cultures, while variation from place to place related to local musical traditions exists.

Constructing synthetic prototissues is a challenge in bottom-up synthetic biology. Here, the authors introduce a “lipid foam” tissue mimetic and demonstrate network-wide tension fluctuations upon compartmental encapsulation of actively swimming bacteria.

Lithium-ion intercalation of bilayer graphene is shown to proceed via four distinct stages corresponding to different ordered in-plane arrangements of Li ions, commensurate with the underlying graphene lattices in both AA and AB stacking configurations.

Here, the authors show that rats’ performance on olfactory decision tasks is best explained by a Bayesian model that combines reinforcement-based learning with accumulation of uncertain sensory evidence. The results suggest that learning is a critical factor contributing to speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

A very high-energy muon observed by the KM3NeT experiment in the Mediterranean Sea is evidence for the interaction of an exceptionally high-energy neutrino of cosmic origin.  

Analyses of the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017 reveal inequalities across countries as well as within populations.

Yellow fever is a public health threat in the Americas but has not recently been reported in the Caribbean despite presence of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Here, the authors show through experimental infection that populations of Aedes aegypti from the Caribbean and surrounding areas are competent of yellow fever transmission.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Why fluid and solute transport in perivascular spaces is enhanced upon sleep remains elusive. Here, the authors show that each sleep cycle state displays unique perivascular dynamics, which enhances predicted fluid movement and solute transport.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

 Studies in mice show that cognitive control training rapidly improves brain circuit function and enhances subsequent learning, which both persist for months.

Lower levels of ω–3 fatty acid–derived resolution mediators have been linked to insulin resistance in obese mice. André Marette and his colleagues now show that treatment of obese mice with a resolution mediator (protectin DX (PDX)) results in IL-6 release from muscle and subsequent improvement in insulin sensitivity. PDX may represent a new class of antidiabetes medication.

N₂ fixation by heterotrophic bacteria has recently been found to take place on sinking marine particles, but an understanding of its regulation and importance is lacking. Here the authors develop a trait-based model for this N₂ fixation, finding that this once overlooked process could have global importance.

The potential use of circulating tumour DNA in classic Hodgkin lymphoma detection, classification and monitoring is defined.

Helicity of photons is exploited for preferential emission direction and sorting of valley-polarized excitons is achieved at room temperature.

Standard topological invariants commonly used in static systems are not enough to fully capture the topological properties of Floquet systems. In a periodically driven quantum gas, chiral edge modes emerge despite all Chern numbers being equal to zero.

Deflection is one of the options discussed for preventing catastrophic collisions of asteroids with Earth. Now, a megajoule-class X-ray pulse is used to simulate such scenarios, demonstrating that it is a viable strategy at higher interceptor energies.

Understanding the chemistry of perovskite precursor solutions enables improved film optoelectronic properties, allowing the fabrication of multijunction solar cells achieving power conversion efficiencies beyond the radiative limit of single-junction cells.

Controlling and modulating charge transfer dynamics in composite nanostructures, though promising for optoelectronic applications, remains a challenge. Here, the authors report optical control of charge separation and recombination processes in organic semiconductor-based composite nanostructures.

More than 200,000 observations of copepods in the North Atlantic between 1960 and 2014 identify northwestward shifts in carbon flux, driven by altered copepod distributions and community structure.