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Long-acting injectable drugs for viral suppression of HIV are not yet available in African settings. Here, the authors present a mathematical modelling and cost effectiveness study of a long-acting drug combination in adults living with HIV in East, Central, Southern and West Africa.

Mendelian randomization (MR) identifies causal relationships from observational data but has increased error rates when the genetic variants used as instruments come from a single region, a typical scenario when assessing molecular traits like protein or metabolite levels as risk factors. Here the authors introduce a single-region pleiotropy-robust MR method, validating the method on three ground truth sources, showing its capability to identify disease-causing molecular traits.

Mammalian recombination activating genes RAG1 and RAG2 are essential for the production and diversification of antibodies and T-cell receptors via V(D)J recombination in lymphocytes but are absent in simpler eukaryotes such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here the authors integrate mouse RAG1/2 in S. cerevisiae and demonstrate the ability to create combinatorial diversity starting from a single genetic locus in vivo.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a ___location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

Graphene multilayers can host heavy electrons in flat bands alongside light electrons in Dirac cones. Local probes now reveal that a finite Dirac electron population persists at the Fermi level while correlated states form in the flat bands.

Tumour evolution and heterogeneity in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains poorly characterised. Here, the authors investigate the genomic landscape of HGSOC and reveal two distinct evolutionary trajectories associated with clinical outcomes.

2D semiconductors are attracting attention as a potential alternative for post-silicon electronics, but the fabrication of high-performance 2D p-type transistors remains a challenge. Here, the authors report the realization of bilayer WSe₂ p-type transistor arrays with on-state currents up to 421 μA/μm, on/off ratios exceeding 10⁷ and subthreshold swings as low as 75 mV/decade.

Redox signalling is emerging as an important regulator of metabolism and physiology, which is dysregulated in ageing and disease. Here, the authors show that redox regulation of a key redox sensitive cysteine in Atg4a induces autophagy in vivo and extends lifespan in female Drosophila.

MORC2, a chromatin remodeler involved in epigenetic silencing and DNA repair, is linked to cancer and neurological disorders when dysregulated. Here, the authors show that MORC2 binds DNA at multiple sites, clamps onto it, and induces compaction, a process regulated by its phosphorylation.

Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family 4 (ACSL4)-driven changes in lipid metabolism are shown to modulate the sensitivity of intestinal epithelial cells to ferroptosis, thereby exacerbating inflammatory bowel disease.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells taken from patients with myeloma shows how treatment shapes clonal architecture and sheds light on the evolution of treatment-related myeloid neoplasms.

Castleman disease encompasses a group of disorders characterised by abnormal lymph node morphology. Here the authors use single cell and spatial transcriptomics to assess the stromal, immune and interaction architecture of different subtypes of Castleman disease, indicating potential ligand-receptor interactions between immune cells.

Using pancreatic organoids and genetic mouse models, Antonucci et al. show that cellular stress activates an NRF2–EZH2 epigenetic axis leading to metabolic reprogramming and subsequent malignant transformation of KRAS-mutant benign lesions.

This study provides a continent-wide assessment of surface meltwater area in Antarctica between 2006 and 2021, highlighting recent increases in magnitude and variability in East Antarctica, with indications that the ice-sheet surface is becoming increasingly prone to further meltwater ponding.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

The collapse of tropical forests during the Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction weakened carbon sequestration, sustaining high CO2 and extreme global warmth for millions of years: an example of a runaway feedback in Earth’s climate-carbon system.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The heterogenous nature of rheumatoid arthritis renders the prediction of responsiveness to biological treatments difficult. Here the authors analyze bulk RNA-seq data from the STRAP trial (n = 208) to build a machine-learning model for predicting responses to etanercept, tocilizumab and rituximab with AUCs around 0.75 to potentially assist in therapy planning.

Mice flexibly shift attention between specific whiskers on a rapid timescale based on recent stimulus reward history in a detection task. Attention is correlated with a somatotopically precise enhancement of neural coding in somatosensory cortex.

Authors report MagNet, a plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment strategy using magnetic beads. Proteomic interrogation of this plasma EV fraction enables the detection of proteins that are beyond the dynamic range of mass spectrometry of unfractionated plasma.

The authors present a chip-less wearable sensor-processor integrated neuromorphic system that combines multimodal physicochemical sensing with neuromorphic processing for real-time, autonomous physiological monitoring.

Using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing, the authors here describe immune signatures defined by dysfunctional NK and T-cell responses that discriminate patients who develop severe dengue infection from those with uncomplicated dengue.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

An analysis of 18 metagenomic datasets of individuals with colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy controls yields improved cancer prediction accuracy based solely on gut metagenomics, as well as the identification of new species associated with the development of cancer.

A microfluidic-based system enables fast screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through analysis of specific T-cell responses.

The mantle upwelling beneath the Afar rift may be influenced by tectonic processes in the overriding lithospheric plates that shape the distribution of both the compositional heterogeneities and abundance of melt, according to a geochemical and statistical study of volcanic samples.

Speleothem records from caves in Arctic Siberia allow for the reconstruction of multiannual air temperatures during the late Miocene (8.68±0.09 million years ago). These temperatures suggest that Eurasia was mostly permafrost-free during that time.

Single-cell proteomics (SCP) enables detailed protein profiling at the individual cell level but is highly sensitive to sample preparation artifact. Here, the authors address protein leakage artifacts in single-cell proteomics and define a leakage signature, revealing higher leakage in cytosolic/nuclear proteins.

Laboratory simulation experiments with isomer selective photoionization detection techniques reveal that octasulfur (S₈) and sulfanes can be easily formed in low temperature H₂S interstellar ice analogues exposed to ionizing radiation, suggesting a critical link between sulfur chemistry on ice coated nanoparticles in molecular clouds and the inventory of sulfur compounds in our Solar System.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infects humans and causes chronic arthritic diseases, yet information on CHIKV immune epitopes is still lacking. Here the authors stimulate peripheral blood cells from CHIKV patients with a peptide pool covering the full CHIKV proteome to define CD4 + T cell epitopes as well as to map cross-reactivity with closely related alphaviruses.

Currently, most miRNA profiling study of complex tissues are based on bulk sample sequencing, among which the cellular heterogeneity may become an important potential confounding factor. Here, the authors developed a deconvolution method to systematically decode cellular components of complex tissues from miRNA profiling data.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

How signaling pathways recruit SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes is not known. Here the authors suggest a ubiquitin directed mechanism targeting SWI/SNF for Wnt pathway dependent transcription, important for development and cancer.

Phylogenetic reconstructions with conserved protein markers from the 11 known DPANN phyla reveal their monophyletic placement within the Euryarchaeota.

X chromosomes evolve faster than autosomes, but confounding factors make this a difficult phenomenon to study. Utilising the unusual sex determination system of Sciaridae flies, this study finds a slower evolution of the X chromosomes which appears to be driven by strong purifying selection.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Despite exhibiting ferroelectric features, SrTiO₃ fails to display long-range polar order at low temperatures due to quantum fluctuations. An ultrafast X-ray diffraction experiment now probes polar dynamics of this material at the nanometre scale.

Hepatitis E virus exists in two forms in patients: naked and quasi-enveloped. Using a new imaging method, the authors found that these forms enter cells through different pathways, directed by interaction of the capsid protein with integrin beta 1.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Cities are becoming hotter and brighter. Using satellite data on 428 Northern Hemisphere cities, this study found that artifical night lights outweighed hotter temperatures in lengthening urban growing seasons, with important implications for management.

Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is an uncommon tumor, which has been associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Here the authors perform comprehensive genome-wide characterization of HPV-associated and HPV-independent SNSCC patient samples to reveal molecular patterns of tumorigenesis and identify HPV-driven mutational profiles.

Noninvasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are safe, cost-effective, and hold promise for many, but face challenges such as imprecise, unintuitive control. Here, the authors present a novel BCI system enabling intuitive robotic finger control via motor imagery and noninvasive brainwave recordings.

FIKK effector kinases underwent rapid evolutionary expansion and are a druggable target in Plasmodium falciparum.

Analysis of species distribution models in a pan-African database comprising chronometrically dated archaeological sites over the past 120,000 years shows major expansion in the human niche from 70 ka, driven by adaptation to diverse habitats.

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.