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High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems yet face detrimental parasitic reactions. Here, authors develop a durable cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics dual-structure-breaking electrolyte.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Cao et al. report an A-site co-doping strategy by substituting Cs+ cation by alkali metals for perovskite quantum wires embedded in nanoporous alumina template, stabilising the crystal structure and enabling high-colour purity LEDs spanning from blue to green spectral region.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

Here, the authors report on the thermal and mechanical properties of Ruddlesden-Popper phases (Ban+1ZrnS3n+1, n = 2 and 3) of a perovskite chalcogenide (BaZrS3) that push to extreme limits and defy the century-old relation between thermal conductivity and interatomic bond strength.

Xiang et al. use patient samples and mouse models of osteoarthritis to examine the link with muscle atrophy. They identify that, in osteoarthritis, senescent macrophages promote ferroptosis in skeletal muscle cells, and they show the therapeutic value of targeting this pathological mechanism.

Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric multicomponent reactions with two similar substrates often suffer from the lack of strategies to control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Here, the authors report a Cu(I)-catalyzed asymmetric radical 1,2-carboalkynylation of two different terminal alkynes and alkyl halides with chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity.

Endothelial injury drives vascular diseases like atherosclerosis, but key regulators are unclear. Here, the authors show that endothelial major vault protein (MVP) acts as an intracellular regulator promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby antagonizing vascular remodeling and suggesting its role as a potential therapeutic target.

Tear secretion from lacrimal gland is essential for ocular health, but the regulatory role of sympathetic nervous system is unclear. The authors show that sympathetic activation suppresses lacrimal tear secretion and aggravates dry eye disease via NA–Adra1a–Ucp2 signaling.

A novel covalent inhibitor, ISM3312, targets the main protease of multiple human coronaviruses, including drug-resistant strains, and shows broad antiviral activity. It offers a promising therapeutic strategy against current and future coronavirus threats.

Here the authors establish a high throughput Pore-C (HiPore-C) method increasing the sequencing output of multi-way chromatin contacts and reveal single-allele topology diversity and cell type-specificity of 3D genome folding.

Sustainable management of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential for advancing organic waste treatment towards resource-oriented processes, but the molecular complexity of DOM hinders the understanding of the underlying biochemical processes. Here, the authors use ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to explore the molecular transformation of DOM in anaerobic digestion.

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome features non-motor dysfunctions such as anxiety. Here, authors show that the cerebellum projects to zona incerta through excitatory and inhibitory transmissions to modulate anxiety in a plasticity-dependent manner.

Hepatic fibrosis causes blood ammonia accumulation, which leads to hepatic encephalopathy. Here, a biocompatible water-powered Zn micromotor is developed for chemotactic migration towards and targeted clearance of ammonia for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

Here, the authors develop a systematic approach (Dip3D) for unraveling diploid high-order genome interactions for low-heterozygosity genomes using Pore-C. Using Dip3D they obtain an almost complete diploid three-dimensional genome interaction map for a human genome.

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) is increasingly recognized as a critical complication of diabetes. Here, the authors show that SGK1 drives hippocampal demyelination and DACD via regulating NDRG1 phosphorylation.

Characterizing the superconducting gap structure in the high-temperature superconductor H₃S by means of tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that it, as well as D₃S, has a fully gapped structure, confirming the phonon-mediated mechanism of superconducting pairing.

To increase the efficiency, brightness and stability of next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the microstructure of CsPbI_3-xBr_x metal-halide perovskite, a good pure-red emitter, was altered to fix hole leakage, which was identified as decreasing efficiencies in overworked LEDs.

Van der Waals magnetic materials are characterized by strong magnetic interactions within each van der Waals layer, while the interaction between the layers is typically weaker. Here, Liu, Su, Gu and coauthors find a magnetic phase transition in the van der Waals magnet, NiI₂, under hydrostatic pressure, which they associate with the interlayer magnetic interaction.

This study highlights the role Polar regions as a limiting factor in global sustainability due to teleconnection effects, and then propose a SDG target, key indicators, and emphasize Indigenous inclusion and global action.

Trees enrich cities, contributing to urban ecosystems and to the health of urban populations. This study quantifies urban tree coverage in all major Chinese cities, finding that greening efforts are successful but that certain mega-cities are benefiting more.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

STAG2 is a core subunit of the cohesin complex involved in DNA looping, but its transcriptional targets are largely unknown. Here the authors show STAG2 controls the 3D chromatin structure at the IRF9 locus to restrict IRF9 expression. Loss of STAG2 results in IRF9 activation, which in turn upregulates PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, suggesting a tumor suppressor function in immune evasion.

A pangenome of wild and cultivated rice accessions captures the entire set of non-redundant genes and diversity in rice, and provides insights into the pathways involved in the evolution of rice.

Gut microbiota-derived succinate promotes CitC succinyltransferase-dependent succinylation of PurR to alleviate T3SS repression and promote virulence in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium.

Water in the mantle transition zone beneath Northeast Asia is sourced from the Earth’s surface and introduced by the subducted Pacific slab, according to a study of potassium isotopes from Cenozoic volcanics.

The oxygen evolution reaction is crucial for renewable energy technologies but limited by low activity. Here, authors show that high-entropy alloys can enhance the oxygen evolution reaction by activating the lattice oxygen mechanism through multi-path electron transfer, particularly in nickel.

The instability of quantum dot inks hinders the scaling up of colloidal quantum dot electronics. Now, Shi and team stabilize the inks with an iodine-rich environment in a weakly coordinating solvent, achieving 13.4% in small-area solar cells and over 10% in modules.

Solute segregation is challenging to experimentally identify at the atomic scale. Here, the authors report the direct observation of atomic site-dependent solute segregation behaviour in an yttria-stabilized zirconia grain boundary by atomic-resolution energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Designing efficient redox mediators for solar-to-fuel conversion is a challenge, requiring multi-electron transfer, suitable redox potential, and stable pH buffering. Here, the authors report polyoxometalate-based mediators with defect engineering, enabling reliable solar-to-fuel conversion.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

Optical nanoprobes with preferential tumour accumulation is often limited by inefficient amplification of biological signals. Here, the authors report a hydrophobic core-tunable nanoprobe orthogonally amplifying tumour microenvironmental signals and demonstrating clear delineation between malignant lesions and normal tissues on multiple tumour models.

More than 80% of trade by volume occurs via maritime shipping, with growing pressure to reduce associated GHG emissions. The top 10 single-direction trade pairs account for nearly 20% of emissions; optimizing trade patterns could reduce emissions by 38% of current totals.

Chemical derivatization is widely used, but the lack of reference spectra of chemically derived molecules (CDMs) hinders their identification. Here, the authors describe a deep learning approach enabling accurate prediction of ESIMS/MS spectra for CDMs.

The reduced density matrix enables extraction of entanglement-related quantities but computing it for large quantum systems is challenging. Mao et al. combine quantum Monte Carlo with exact diagonalization to efficiently extract the reduced density matrix and entanglement spectrum in large 1D and 2D systems.

RNF214 ubiquitin ligase is understudied. Here the authors show RNF214 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inducing non-proteolytic ubiquitylation of TEADs and activating YAP signaling pathway.

FeGe is an antiferromagnetic kagome metal with a rich magnetic and electronic phase diagram. Recently it was found that post-growth annealing of FeGe can suppress or induce charge density wave order depending on the annealing temperature. Here, Klemm, Siddique et al show the critical role that annealing induced Ge-vacancies and stacking faults play in the formation of charge density wave order in FeGe.

Sun et al show that low leucine levels in the blood enhance the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli, offering insights into host-pathogen interactions that could inform future therapeutic strategies.