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Patients with gastric cancer often present with poor performance status, limiting both quality of life but also treatment options as they are often excluded from clinical trials. Here, the authors report a phase II trial investigating anlotinib (multi-TKI) plus toripalimab (anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody) in treatment-naïve advanced gastric cancer patients with performance status 2.

Chen et al. use UK Biobank data to reveal a dietary pattern associated with a lower risk of dementia, and validate this in additional cohorts.

The transition to sustainable diets is challenging for countries that face malnutrition and limited resources. Now a study explores how various dietary transformations in China can improve public health, make food affordable and reduce environmental impacts, while evaluating the feasibility of the diet changes.

Transformation to healthier and more sustainable diets in China can generate measurable benefits for nutrition, the environment and food affordability. Integrating multidimensional sustainability goals into China’s dietary guidelines can help to align food policy with long-term societal and environmental improvements.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death associated with lipid oxidation. Here, the authors demonstrate that the proferroptosis signal is activated and drives vascular aging by inducing senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells.

The effectiveness of the different policies and policy bundles for food systems transformation to achieve SDGs in China vary widely. Using an integrated modelling framework covering 18 indicators, this study compares the trade-offs and outcomes of efforts focused on dietary transitions, climate change mitigation and ecological conservation, and faster socioeconomic development, ultimately revealing that dietary shifts offer the most benefits.

The SEED study is a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrating a beneficial effect on glycemic control of dorzagliatin, a glucokinase activator, in drug-naive patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

The authors find that higher adherence to a healthful plant-based diet is associated with a decreased risk of mortality among older adults in China, whereas unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns are associated with increased mortality risk.

Fan, Shang, Song, Chen et al. identify the Integrator–PP2A complex (INTAC) as a key regulator of cancer cell sensitivity to BET inhibitors through directly interacting with the RACK7–KDM5 complex to orchestrate epigenetic silencing in a catalytic-independent manner.

This study reveals gut microbial and metabolomic features associated with the severity of frailty, demonstrating that these microbial features outperform traditional assessment tools in identifying individuals at high risk of frailty and mortality.

The authors observe multiferroicity in a single-layer non van der Waals material, CuCrSe₂. The coexistence of room-temperature ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism up to 120 K is corroborated by a set of comprehensive experimental techniques.

Modulating cholesterol metabolism can improve CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated immunity against tumours; genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the cholesterol esterification enzyme ACAT1 led to higher plasma membrane cholesterol levels, better T-cell receptor clustering and signalling, improved immunological synapse maturation, and enhanced antitumour activity in mice.

Realizing robust ferromagnetic order in two dimensions is challenging as an underlying crystalline framework is normally required. Now room-temperature ferromagnetism is demonstrated in a two-dimensional honeycomb self-assembly of confined molecules.

Genomic instability can induce an anti-tumour immune response via activation of the cGAS-STING pathway following the formation of micronuclei (MN). Here, the authors identify a role for DNAJA2 in maintenance of chromosomal segregation. Loss of which increased MN formation and cGAS-STING pathway activation, increasing response to immune checkpoint blockade.

Ubiquitination is a prevalent post translational modification. Here, the authors show a pivotal role for Nedd4l in the regulation of antiviral immunity via promotion of ubiquitination of TRAF3 and go on to show disruption of Nedd4l both in vitro and in vivo perturbs the antiviral immune response.

Hou et al. investigate whether lactation reduces ischemic heart disease risk in Chinese parous postmenopausal females. A U-shaped association is found, especially for those with low socioeconomic status in urban areas suggesting that scaling up breastfeeding practices could be a promising strategy to reduce ischemic heart disease.

Common strategies for catalyst design explore ways of fine-tuning continuous structure–property relationships. Here, the abrupt solid–liquid transition of Ga–In and Ga–Sn alloys is shown to have a profound impact on the CO₂ electroreduction performance, with the molten alloy achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 95% formate production.

A nanopore framework has been developed to reveal the crosstalk effect on the renin–angiotensin system. By reading the single-amino-acid differences in angiotensin peptides with high accuracy and high efficiency, the selective inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 was revealed. This activity was shown to be suppressed by the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Bone is innervated, and its turnover is affected by sympathetic nerve activity. Here, the authors show that prostaglandin E2, secreted by osteoblasts, activates the EP4 receptor on sensory nerves, inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and modulating bone formation in mice.

The pathological mechanisms that lead to Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are unclear. Here, the authors show that OPLL ligament cells produce small extracellular vesicles that induce ossification via miR-320e/TAK1 signaling in mice and human posterior longitudinal ligament cells.

Osteosarcomas are difficult to treat and have a limited response to immunotherapy. Here, the authors analyse osteosarcomas at the single-cell level, and identify both the transdifferentiation of malignant cells and an array of immune cells that could have implications for metastasis and immunotherapy.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are known to regulate human embryonic stem cell (hESC) self-renewal. Here, the authors identify lncRNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) that regulates pluripotency via modulation of NODAL signalling to maintain self-renewal in hESCs.

Xuejun Zhang and colleagues report a genome-wide association and replication studies for psoriasis, conducted in Chinese populations. They confirm previous associations in MHC and IL12B to psoriasis susceptibility, and report a new association within the LCE gene cluster at 1q21.

Zhu Chen, Sai-Juan Chen, Wei-Li Zhao and colleagues identify recurrent loss-of-function mutations in the RNA helicase gene DDX3X in 20% of subjects with natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) in their study. The results suggest that DDX3X acts as a tumor suppressor and that its inactivation leads to poor clinical outcome.

Macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) contributes to CaOx-induced fibrosis in nephrocalcinosis. EZH2 is the critical regulator that promotes kidney fibrosis by meditating MMT via the DUSP23/SMAD3 pathway.