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Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Here this group reports an mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated microgel matrix for immune cell recruitment/antigen expression and presentation/cellular interaction thereby eliciting antitumor efficacy with a single dose.

Xue et al. develop a foundation model for spectral analysis. It excels in multiple tasks, such as denoising spectra and quantifying trace molecules, and is especially promising in identifying metabolic biomarkers of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer.

The development of vertical p-i-n junctions has been hindered by complex fabrication techniques and performance trade-off between responsivity and speed. Here, authors employ WSe₂ thin layers to construct photodiode, reporting responsivity of 0.388 A/W and response time down to sub-10 picoseconds.

Chen et al. report all-site alloying for 3D perovskites where B-site strontium doping retards the crystallisation and induces sequential A-site doping with annealing. The controllable crystallisation enables blue LEDs with peak efficiency of 23.3% at 487 nm and tuneable emission to 463 nm.

The passivation of surface defects is critical in perovskite photovoltaics yet challenging to implement in practice. Wang et al. show that fluorinated isopropanol allows the use of a high concentration of passivator molecules, ensuring the complete passivation of defects.

Self-assembled monolayers targeting wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells are essential to reduce the open-circuit voltage loss. Here, the authors report the stepwise tuning of interfacial energy level through inductive effect, achieving perovskite/TOPCon tandem solar cells with efficiency over 31%.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Generation of mature oocytes requires tight regulation of a discontinuous meiotic cell cycle. Here they show that the acetyltransferase Nat10 mediates modification of RNAs targeted for degradation and find that this process is essential for female oocyte meiosis and maturation.

The direct electro-reduction of diluted CO₂ in acidic media can circumvent CO₂ purification and reduce carbon loss. Here, the authors use an ionomer coating layer to enrich the diluted CO₂ and block proton transport, thereby achieving high carbon utilization in diluted CO₂ in an acidic electrolyte.

Electrosynthesis of acetate from CO using renewable electricity faces low selectivity. Here, the authors report a cerium single atom modulated copper catalyst, where cerium atoms tailor the interfacial water structure, enabling highly selective CO-to-acetate conversion under pulsed electrolysis.

The role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in liver injury is elusive. Here the authors identify that MAIT cells frequency and TCR activation are associated with degree of liver injury and prognosis of liver transplantation.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

The interplay between electronic topology and superconductivity is of great current interest in condensed matter physics. Here, the authors unveil an unconventional two-dimensional superconducting state accompanied by a van Hove singularity in the recently discovered Dirac nodal line semimetal ZrAs₂, which is exclusively confined to the top and bottom surfaces.

The authors achieve a multicomponent out-of-plane-ordered MAX phase (o-MAX) by stoichiometrically mixing two existing o-MAXs, which inherits the chemical ordering from the originating phases and has adjustable properties, demonstrating a promising strategy for o-MAX construction.

Machine learning can be used to infer proper retrosynthesis routes for newly designed molecules. Here, the authors develop a multitask graph representation learning model for single-step retrosynthesis inference by exploiting chemical synthesis rules among different entity.

This study elucidates that d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid regulate apple fruit softening by repressing MdHb1 expression through the MdMYB2/MdNAC14/MdNTL9-MdHb1 regulatory module, offering new insights into postharvest fruit quality control.

Fan, Shang, Song, Chen et al. identify the Integrator–PP2A complex (INTAC) as a key regulator of cancer cell sensitivity to BET inhibitors through directly interacting with the RACK7–KDM5 complex to orchestrate epigenetic silencing in a catalytic-independent manner.

Diatoms are crucial marine microorganisms, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their temperature tolerance remain unclear. This study identifies the heat shock transcription factor PtHSF2 as a key regulator of thermal tolerance and cell size plasticity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, revealing its role in gene regulation and stress response.

In situ mechanical testing and simulations unveil a reversible shuffle twinning mechanism enabled by bond switching, which gives rise to anisotropic tensile superelasticity in GeSe ceramics.

Drug resistance is inevitable and pervasive. Here, the authors identify the V517F mutation as a significant contributor to USP7-mediated inhibitor resistance. This discovery offers valuable insights for the development of next-generation USP7 inhibitors.

Nuclear RNA decay regulates gene expression in cultured cells, but its role in animals is largely unclear. Here, authors found that the nuclear exosome co-factor MTR4 functions in shaping the transcriptome for meiosis initiation and male fertility.

Here, the authors report a hydrostatic-pressure-driven anomalous enhancement of the spontaneous polarization of CuInP₂S₆ at room temperature, in contrast to the standard pressure-induced suppression of ferroelectricity. The polarization enhancement stems from the spatial instability of the Cu cations and increase of Cu occupancy at the interlayer site.

Photoreceptors are specialized neurons of the retina that are sensitive to systemic metabolic stresses. Here, the authors combine in vivo photoreceptor assessment with multisystem health readouts and circulating metabolomics to predict multi-disease risk.

When it comes to reasoning about the motion of physical objects, humans have natural intuitive physics knowledge. To test how good artificial learning agents are in similar predictive abilities, Xue and colleagues present a benchmark based on a two-dimensional physics environment in which 15 physical reasoning skills are measured.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

Relating the degree of network crosslinking as a descriptor to the desalination performance of crosslinked polymer membranes remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce a parameter based on distinct amide bonds per unit mass of polyamide, to unravel the relationship between the crosslinked networks of polyamide membranes and their desalination performance.

Methane (CH4) photocatalytic upgrading to value-added chemicals, especially C2 products, is significant yet challenging. Here the authors realize solar-driven CH4 oxidation to ethanol on carbon nitride modified with Cu9S5 and Cu single atoms with a record-high selectivity of ~95%.

Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

The authors design the stretchable thermoelectric porous graphene foam-based materials via facile laser scribing, demonstrating decoupled sensing of strain and temperature during the wound healing process in situ.