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The authors uncover a hidden tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition pathway which provides an approach to engineer ___domain orientations and further remanent polarization in polycrystalline HfO₂-based ferroelectric films.

Engineered symbiotic bacteria with blood-induced secretion of multiple effectors effectively inhibit malaria and arbovirus (Dengue and Zika) infections in mosquitoes, providing a promising strategy to combat concurrent transmission of these diseases.

A high-resolution terrain dataset was developed for the CE-6 landing site, revealing that its exposure age lies between CE-4 and CE-5 sites, with diverse material sources and covered by ejecta from a nearby 51-meter crater.

SNARE proteins are the minimal machinery required for the vesicle fusion in eukaryotes. Here the authors use single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to elucidate the chain of events during the disassembly of SNARE complex by NSF, showing two parallel sequential pathways for SNARE disassembly.

CRISPR-Cas12e systems exhibit robust genome editing capabilities, yet their phylogenetic diversity remains underexplored. Here, authors elucidate the biochemical diversity and structural variations of newly identified Cas12e proteins, offering critical insights into structure-activity relationships.

The Chang’E-4 mission in January 2019 had the major challenge to land on the lunar far side without traditional radiometric techniques due to the missing line-of-sight. The authors here describe landing trajectory reconstruction and positioning techniques based upon the Moon’s digital terrain model that allowed reproducing the entire process of a successful landing.

Samples from the Chang’e-6 mission show that the lunar magnetic field rebounded in field strength after its previous sharp decline of about 3.1 Ga.

Comprehensive analyses of Cas9 proteins shed light on the evolution of the CRISPR–Cas9 system, and identify a pro-CRISPR accessory protein in bacteria that boosts CRISPR-mediated immunity by enhancing the DNA binding and cleavage activity of Cas9.

Laboratory analysis of returned Chang’E-5 samples from the lunar surface show their hydroxyl contents to be on the weak end of lunar hydration features.

The researchers have uncovered that the phase separation ability of plant heterochromatin protein ADCP1 variants defines the formation of heterochromatic condensates (chromocenters) in different plant species.

Circular RNAs (circRNA) is a class of non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene translation and function. Here the authors show that a circRNA, circNDUFB2, is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer tissues, and likely contributes to anti-tumor immunity by regulating both degradation of oncoproteins and induction of innate immunity.

Characterising the tumour microenvironment features of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains crucial. Here, the authors perform single cell RNA sequencing data analysis of 117 LUAD samples and functional assays and highlight the immunosuppressive role of UPP1high tumour cells.

The mechanism by which accessory proteins regulate cGAS phase separation guided the development of chemical-inducible and light-inducible strategies to manipulate cGAS phase separation and immune signaling in test tubes and in living cells.

Basalt samples returned from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission are revealed to be two billion years old by radioisotopic dating, providing insight on the volcanic history of the Moon.

Intrinsically disordered regions of GPCRs have been understudied for their role in receptor signaling. Here, Jie Heng et al. reveal the dynamic behavior of β2 adrenergic receptor C-terminus and its autoinhibitory function in downstream Gs coupling.

Phosphoantigen-mediated BTN2A1 association drives BTN3A1 intracellular fluctuations outwards in a thermodynamically favourable manner, thereby enabling BTN3A1 to push off from the BTN2A1 ectodomain to initiate T cell receptor–mediated γδ T cell activation.

Fungi that infect insects can potentially be exploited for disease vector control. Here the authors show that the fungus Beauveria bassiana exports a microRNA-like RNA into mosquito cells that modulates host immunity by suppressing expression of Toll receptor ligand Spätzle 4.

Finding the process parameters in molecular beam epitaxy for a specific density of quantum dots is a multidimensional optimization challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate real-time feedback controlled self-assembled InAs/GaAs QDs growth based on machine learning (ML) outputs.

The Zhurong rover has explored its landing site in Utopia Planitia, Mars, and is travelling south towards the highland–lowland boundary, focusing initially on the composition and physical properties of the rocks along the way.

Yang and colleagues report that the LINK-A lncRNA binds to the PIP₃ phospholipid, leading to enhanced AKT signalling, tumorigenesis and resistance to AKT inhibitors.

Li et al. show that ROR1–HER3 receptor tyrosine kinase signalling in breast cancer cells inhibits the MST1/2 Hippo pathway kinases through a lncRNA termed MAYA. The resulting activation of YAP promotes osteoclast differentiation for bone metastasis.

SHP2 regulates pro-angiogenic VEGF-VEGFR signalling, but its role in tumour angiogenesis is unclear. Here the authors show that endothelial cell-specific deletion of SHP2 impairs tumour growth and angiogenesis in syngeneic mouse models through ASK1-c-JunSOX7 signalling axis.

Yang and colleagues identify a lncRNA that controls HIF1α signalling to stabilize HIF1α under normoxic conditions, and promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis.

By analyzing co-evolution of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes across insect species, the authors uncover the evolutionary covariation of a group of non-mitochondrially targeted nuclear genes with mitochondrial genes, including the uncharacterized gene CG11837, which regulates insect lifespan.

The chemical compositions of young lava flows on the Moon have implications for late volcanism. Here, the authors present mineral distribution data from the Chang′e-3 Yutu rover in the northern Imbrium mare region, reporting unique compositional characteristics of a previously unsampled basalt type.

In this study, the authors map the lunar surface chemistry. They achieve this through a combination of deep learning and actual samples from the Chinese Chang’e-5 mission.

The ESCRT-III and Vps4 complexes mediate a variety of membrane remodelling events. Here the authors describe the structure of the Vps4 hexamer complexed to its cofactor Vta1, and show that Vta1 bridges adjacent Vps4 subunits to promote formation of the active hexamer during ESCRT-III filament disassembly.

The Chinese Chang’e-6 mission plans to bring a sample from the lunar farside in 2024. Here the characterization and scientific potential of the three candidate landing sites are presented. They are located around the roughly 4-Gyr-old Apollo crater, located within the South Pole–Aitken basin.

Evidence for a stratigraphic sequence involving initial barchan dune formation, with the transition in wind regime consistent with the end of the ice age is found, compatible with the Martian polar stratigraphic record.

Laboratory spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses on the Chang’E-5 lunar soil samples have demonstrated that the spectral features of lunar late-stage mare basalts are representative of iron-rich high-Ca pyroxene rather than olivine.

Using Chang’E data, the authors here identify more than 109,000 previously unrecognized lunar craters and date almost 19,000 craters based on transfer learning with deep neural networks. A new lunar crater database is derived and distributed to the planetary community.

Recombination contributes to HIV evolution in patients, but its identification can be difficult. Here, the authors develop a computational tool called RAPR to track recombination in patients, identify recombination hot spots, and show contribution of recombination to antibody escape.

The highwire (Hiw)/DFsn ubiquitin ligase complex regulates synaptic morphology during development and axonal regeneration on injury. The authors identify Drosophila Rae1 as a component of the Hiw/DFsn complex and show that it controls Hiw protein abundance during synaptic development.

Initial spectral observations by China’s Chang’E-4 far-side lunar rover suggest the presence of materials that may originate from the Moon’s mantle.