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Trach and McDougle show that motor responses can form part of structured, graph-like memory representations.

Dopaminergic action prediction error signals are used by mice as a value-free teaching signal to reinforce stable sound–action associations in the tail of the striatum.

PIEZO1 is critical in numerous physiological processes, but monitoring its activity and localization in cells can be challenging. Here, the authors present a chemogenetic platform to visualize endogenous human PIEZO1 localization and activity in native cellular conditions, expanding the knowledge on mechanotransduction across single cells and tissue organoids.

As large-scale neurodevelopmental MRI studies gain prominence, the authors identify tradeoffs between sample size and quality control that can dramatically affect results, and they evaluate a range of approaches to mitigate risk for error.

Impaired gut barrier function is a central driver of alcohol-related liver disease. This study indicates that the postbiotic ReFerm® improves gut barrier function and reduce liver stiffness and liver fibrosis, suggesting the gut barrier function as a potential treatment target.

The authors analyze white matter alterations in bipolar II depression, revealing significant correlations with inflammation and psychiatric symptoms. These findings suggest that childhood emotional maltreatment may exacerbate these effects and offer insights into potential therapeutic targets.

National parochialism is the tendency to cooperate more with people of the same nation. In a 42-nations study, the authors show that national parochialism is a pervasive phenomenon, present to a similar degree across all the studied nations, and occurs both when decisions are private or public.

A computational model called Centaur, developed by fine-tuning a language model on a huge dataset called Psych-101, can predict and simulate human nature in experiments expressible in natural language, even in previously unseen situations.

This study shows that structural complexity of cortical and subcortical areas, measured from standard anatomical MRI, can predict Parkinson’s patient response to deep brain stimulation using advanced hypergraph modeling techniques.

The replicative helicase CMG is targeted for removal or proteolysis by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP. This study describes how the de-ubiquitylating enzyme USP37 protects genome stability by preventing premature TRAIP-dependent CMG unloading when replication stress impedes timely termination.

Proteome profiling of plasma samples in human pan-cancer cohorts reveals patterns of biomarkers for diagnosis.

In this work, authors explore the potential of strain-specific commensal E. coli in their ability to inhibit multi-drug resistant Enterobacterales via nutrient competition. Their findings highlight the potential of rationally designed metabolically complementary probiotics for targeted gut decolonization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The molecular etiology of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is largely unknown. Here the authors show from a prospective study of diverse pregnancies that the disease can be split into molecular subtypes based on RNA data and validated a classifier for individuals with no preexisting high risk factors.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Across five randomized controlled trials, Woodley et al. find that a cooperative online quiz game reduced partisan animosity, improved democracy-related attitudes and was highly enjoyable. Effects persisted for up to four months.

Measuring rhythm priors in 39 participant groups from 15 countries, the authors find that properties of rhythm representations are common across cultures, while variation from place to place related to local musical traditions exists.

Ecosystems that provide fresh water for cities also impact sediment flows, flood mitigation and hydropower provision. This Article looks at over 300 cities globally to gauge the interactions of natural ecosystems with built infrastructure.

Kletter et al. show that cell state-specific cytoplasmic density controls spindle architecture and scaling in neural differentiation, suggesting that the physical properties of the cytoplasm are a determinant in organelle size control.

This study assessed COVID-19 social science preprints’ replicability using structured groups. Both beginners and more-experienced participants used a elicitation protocol to make better-than-chance predictions about the reliability of research claims under high uncertainty.

Passive immunisation for respiratory syncytial virus for infants is recommended by the World Health Organization but products currently available have limited duration of protection. Here, the authors investigate the age distribution of infant hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus to inform optimal timing of immunisation.

Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the extracellular flagellum structure, including the hook–filament junction and filament cap complex, reveals mechanisms of flagellin incorporation into the growing filament and filament stabilization.

ACTA2 p.R179 variants cause pediatric strokes due to moyamoya disease (MMD)-like occlusions. Here, the authors show that Acta2^R179C/+ smooth muscle cells are immature, causing MMD-like lesions that are reversed by altering cellular metabolism.

In situ cryoEM and modelling of the Campylobacter jejuni flagellar motor characterize the periplasmic scaffold and the structural basis for increased torque generation.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Following spinal cord injury, gamified physical therapy that incorporates closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation can aid restoration of arm and hand function.

Pfänder and Altay conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of 67 experimental articles, showing that people discern true from false news with ease. When making mistakes, people err on the side of skepticism and rate true news as false, instead of being fooled by false news.

FIKK effector kinases underwent rapid evolutionary expansion and are a druggable target in Plasmodium falciparum.

Using direct brain recordings, Phan et al. find that fast sub-second changes in connectivity between brain regions are involved in forming individual memories and are recapitulated when retrieving the same memory.

Spectra decomposes gene expression data into interpretable programs using prior knowledge.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b study evaluated the safety of the anti-oligomeric PRI-002 in 19 MCI or mild AD patients after 28 d of treatment. Overall, PRI-002 was well tolerated. While no biomarker changes or ARIA were detected, memory improved in the PRI-002 group.

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, dapagliflozin, as an adjunct to insulin, resulted in significant reductions in glomerular filtration rate and measures of glycemia when compared to placebo in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Here, the authors demonstrate that cortical microstructure in young adults shows marked sex bias, which is most pronounced in paralimbic areas. The effects are put into context with variations in sex hormones and local cytoarchitecture.

Synaptic dysfunction is hypothesised to play a key role in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Here, using [¹¹C]UCB-J PET, the authors show for the first time in vivo that levels of the synaptic marker protein SV2A are reduced in schizophrenia and unaffected by antipsychotic treatment in a rat model.

Cross-species transcriptomics on vulnerable neuronal populations unravels the transcription factor CREB3 and its regulatory network as resilience markers of ALS. Genetics and epidemiology further identify the protective rare variant CREB3R119G.

Recently, there has been great interest in studying plasmons in strange metals characterized by linear-in-temperature electrical resistivity. Schultz et al. report an EELS in transmission study of plasmons in Sr₂RuO₄, revealing unrenormalized behavior explained by resilient quasi-particles at high plasmon energy.

Across 27 countries, Većkalov and Geiger et al. find that scientific consensus messaging on climate change is an effective, non-polarizing tool for changing misperceptions, beliefs and worry but not support for public action.

Suthaharan et al. show that levels of paranoia increased in the general population during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, in association with more erratic belief updating. Government policies also played a role.

Targeting the endothelium across ages and neurodegenerative diseases in 92 donors with single-cell inCITE-seq reveals similar alterations in ~40% of capillaries in AD, ALS and FTD. Endothelial TDP-43 loss coincides with increased nuclear p65/NF-κB activity and reduced Wnt/β-catenin.

In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, the authors examine whether the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and exposure–response prevention (ERP) is more effective than ERP alone at improving OCD symptoms.

Analyzing readouts of inflammaging across four cohorts, Franck and colleagues identify strong variation and observe that inflammaging, in its known form, primarily emerges in industrialized—but not nonindustrialized—populations.

Optimizing study design is critical for increasing standardized effect sizes and replicability, and the features that increase replicability in cross-sectional and longitudinal brain-wide association studies are explored.