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The growth of Li dendrites and the accumulation of dead Li significantly undermine the safety and performance of Li metal batteries. Here, authors introduce the concept of “catalytic” effect for dead Li reconversion, leading to a Li plating/stripping efficiency of 99.89%.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

A general two-step intercalation and cation-exchange strategy is used to produce a library of highly ordered magnetic intercalation superlattices with tunable chemical modulations and magnetic ordering.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

A fuzzy sequencer can exceed the current limit of information efficiency of DNA sequencers for resequencing applications.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) interconvert hydrogen and electricity and therefore have potential as long-duration energy storage systems, but the durability of these devices under industrially relevant conditions is limited. Here the authors report a PCEC that maintains low degradation rates throughout exceptionally long-term durability tests.

Proteome profiling of plasma samples in human pan-cancer cohorts reveals patterns of biomarkers for diagnosis.

Here, the authors show that post-translational molecular signatures of human skeletal muscle in response to acute or chronic aerobic and resistance exercise are distinct, potentially dictating the differential physiologic adaptations to different exercise modes.

Metal-tip-based electron sources are constrained by a trade-off between energy spread and pulse width. Here the authors report a carbon-nanotube-based electron source with a 0.3-eV energy spread and an electron pulse width of about 13 fs.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

Here, the authors investigate SARS-CoV-2 protein interactions across various organ-specific cell lines and saliva employing mass spectrometry and describe how protein-protein interaction networks vary for SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Si-based all-solid-state batteries face application challenges due to the requirement of high external pressure. Here, authors prepare a double-layered Si-based electrode by cold-pressing and electrochemical sintering that enables all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

Aqueous and non-aqueous Li-based electrolyte solutions have narrow electrochemical stability windows, which hinder the operation of batteries at high cell potentials. Here, to circumvent this limitation, the authors propose the combined use of tailored aqueous and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions in various Li-based cell configurations.

Monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) contributes to DNA replication but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors identify a conserved tandem Tudor ___domain of BAHCC1 as a H4K20me1-specific reader, which promotes the recruitment of MCM complex to chromatin for efficient DNA replication.

The full exploitation of back contact silicon solar cells is crucial to achieve a high performance for potential industrialization. Here, authors incorporate a double-sided light management strategy to reduce optical losses, achieving a total-area efficiency of 27.03% for 350 cm2 solar cells.

The inactivation of electrodes triggers the loss of capacity and decreases the lifetimes of batteries, especially for high-capacity systems. Here the rejuvenation chemistry for re-activating electrodes, aimed at prolonging the lifetimes of lithium-based batteries and similar energy-storage systems, is discussed. Li, lithium; Cu, copper; e^–, electrons; RM_red, reduced redox mediator; RM_ox, oxidized redox mediator.

Xiang et al. use patient samples and mouse models of osteoarthritis to examine the link with muscle atrophy. They identify that, in osteoarthritis, senescent macrophages promote ferroptosis in skeletal muscle cells, and they show the therapeutic value of targeting this pathological mechanism.

Few-layer-thick 2D materials offer desirable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties, but their large-scale layer-controlled synthesis is still challenging. Here, the authors report an edge-feeding synchronous epitaxial growth method to synthesize homogeneous A3-sized graphene films with controlled thickness between 2 and 7 layers.

Solid-state electrolyte reduction and Li dendrite growth limit the stability of all-solid-state Li metal batteries. Here the authors show that reductive electrophiles gain electrons and metal cations from metal–nucleophile materials on contact, allowing the electrochemical formation of a dense, electron-blocking film that improves the stability of both the anode and high-voltage cathode.

The emergence of universal collective behaviour is demonstrated through collisions of electron droplets containing up to five particles, which exhibit strong all-body correlations characteristic of a Coulomb liquid.

A computational model called Centaur, developed by fine-tuning a language model on a huge dataset called Psych-101, can predict and simulate human nature in experiments expressible in natural language, even in previously unseen situations.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants, however its excess causes cellular damage. Here, the authors report that natural variation of Trichome Birefringence (TBR) gene confers zinc toxicity tolerance through modulating root cell wall pectin methylesterification in Arabidopsis.

How visual cortex neurons encode learned cue-outcome associations with shifts in external context are not fully understood. Here authors use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in the visual cortex of mice to demonstrate that encoding of learned environmental visual cues is flexibly represented across different task contexts.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Here this group reports an mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated microgel matrix for immune cell recruitment/antigen expression and presentation/cellular interaction thereby eliciting antitumor efficacy with a single dose.

Accurate tree cover mapping is vital for fighting climate change and land degradation. This high-resolution study reveals that 17% of pan-tropical tree cover was previously undetected, with over half of recent losses linked to human activities.

McGavern and colleagues identified a CD8⁺ T cell population that expresses GZMK in ʽtau-richʼ brains, where it may play a protective role against neurodegeneration.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Unlike squalene, peplusol is only synthesized in a few species of the Euporbia genus and its biosynthetic pathway is unclear. Here, the authors report the discovery and characterization of two peplusol synthases and demonstrate the feasibility of the evolution of peplusol synthase from the ancient squalene synthase.

In this work, authors show that exclusive breastfeeding reduces antimicrobial resistance gene burden in infants by promoting Bifidobacterium, counteracting C-section and antibiotic effects, and supporting healthy gut microbiome development during early life.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

A clinical study of women with abnormal breast mammograms establishes a workflow to evaluate the capability of breast photoacoustic computed tomography in the classification, monitoring and segmentation of lesions.

While it is known in principle that quantum mechanics can enhance operation of microscopic thermal engines, convincing experimental examples of quantum energetic advantages are scarce. Here, the authors successfully showcase a quantum advantage in energy efficiency in a single trapped-ion based device, by demonstrating the benefit from quantum coherence and exploiting suppression of quantum friction effects via counterdiabatic driving.

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

The estimation of low energies of many-body systems is a cornerstone of the computational quantum sciences. This paper demonstrates on a superconducting quantum processor that the Krylov quantum diagonalization algorithm is poised to complement its classical counterparts at the foundation of computational methods for quantum systems.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.

Superlattices, with a length scale and structure that differs from the parent lattice of the host material, are well-known to allow for remarkable new electronic and magnetic properties. Here, Xie et al. synthesize Cr_1/4TaS₂, and find that it exhibits an unusual anomalous Hall effect below the Néel temperature even in stoichiometric high-quality crystals.

Rashan, Bartlett and colleagues show that mammalian 4-hydroxy fatty acids are primarily catabolized by ACAD10 and ACAD11 (atypical mitochondrial and peroxisomal acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, respectively) that use phosphorylation in their reaction mechanisms.

Sun et al. identify CFAP100 as a vital player in the regulation of epidermal development and function. Mechanistically, CFAP100 recruits the microtubule glutamylase TTLL13 to ensure spindle pole integrity for proper division of keratinocytes.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

Exfoliation of g-C₃N₄ breaks the molecular chains, causing sluggish carrier kinetics and moderate degradation activity. Here, authors address these issues by developing an ultrathin porous g-C₃N₄ with intact molecular chains via shear repair strategy, enhancing the activity of PMS-assisted water purification.

Proton transfer plays a key role in nature, yet its ultrafast dynamics remain elusive. Here the authors use coincidence spectroscopy and theoretical simulations to show that radiolytic doubly-ionized pyrrole triggers proton transfer to water within 60 fs.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements suggest that the oxidized oxygen species in high-energy Li-rich oxide cathodes are trapped molecular O₂, which is also observed in O-redox-inactive materials. This suggests that resonant X-ray inelastic scattering measurements generate these species, and molecular O₂ is not responsible for voltage hysteresis and decay.

Creating modular robots that can adapt to various tasks and construct temporary structures remains a challenge. The authors designed and tested lightweight, deformable, untethered robots capable of effective locomotion, versatile manipulation, and rotorcraft-assisted 3D assembly.

This new β-Li₃N solid-state electrolyte demonstrates a vacancy-mediated superionic diffusion mechanism, achieving high ionic conductivity (2.14 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹) and effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth. Its high compatibility with lithium and air stability promises improved safety and performance in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries, making it ideal for advanced energy storage applications.