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The ribosomal decoding center monitors accurate translation of 3-base mRNA codons. Here, the authors use cryo-EM to show how one of the monitoring bases of the ribosome enables a frameshift-inducing tRNA to instead read a 2-base codon.

Offshore wind-powered green methanol could achieve cost parity with conventional marine fuels by 2030−2035 under EU regulations, enabling sustainable shipping through scalable technology and policy incentives.

R2 retrotransposons are natural RNA guided gene insertion systems. Here, Edmonds et al. characterize the structure and biochemistry of an avian R2 and engineer a compact, all-RNA system to integrate DNA in mammalian cells, aiding the development of future retrotransposon-based gene editors.

A modelling study suggests that Mars had a desert-like climate with intermittent liquid-water oases regulated by a negative feedback among solar luminosity, liquid water and carbonate formation.

Here the authors present a computational method that expands the potential of multimodal single-cell analyses by delivering an accurate, fast, and user-friendly approach for normalizing and comparing surface protein expression across large and heterogeneous datasets.

Mutational signature analysis of blood cells isolated from 23 chemotherapy-exposed samples and 9 nonexposed controls characterizes the effects of various drugs on mutational burden, signature exposure and cell types.

Dietary n-6 PUFAs enhance adipose tissue expandability through the PPARγ–LPCAT3 membrane remodelling axis.

Genome-wide sequencing of 180 ancient individuals shows a continuous gradient of ancestry in Early-to-Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers from the Baltic to the Transbaikal region and distinct contemporaneous groups in Northeast Siberia, and provides insights into the origins of modern Uralic and Yeniseian speakers.

A population genomic analysis of 1,854 Listeria soil isolates collected across the contiguous United States identifies geographically prevalent phylogroups with increased pangenome openness and recombination, as a result of adaptation to variable environments.

Mutations in mtDNA contribute to mitochondrial disease and aging only if they rise in abundance. Here, the authors show that deleterious mutations reach high abundance by hitchhiking on genomes that have a replicative advantage.

Current models suggest that DLK1 is an inhibitory ligand in the Notch pathway. Here, the authors show that DLK1 does not interact with Notch receptors, instead blocking Activin signaling via an interaction with Activin receptor type-2B.

This study in the Finnish population reveals genetic reduction of the complement factor CFHR5 as enhancing retinal health and reducing the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), suggesting new strategies for AMD prevention and treatment.

Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a rare and aggressive paediatric brain tumour. Here, the authors analyse intratumour heterogeneity and the tumour microenvironment in ETMR using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, in vitro cultures, and a 3D forebrain organoid model, finding important aspects – such as the communication with pericytes – for ETMR development and response to therapy.

Rashan, Bartlett and colleagues show that mammalian 4-hydroxy fatty acids are primarily catabolized by ACAD10 and ACAD11 (atypical mitochondrial and peroxisomal acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, respectively) that use phosphorylation in their reaction mechanisms.

BMAL1–HIF2α heterodimer was recently shown to modulate circadian variations in myocardial injury. Here, the authors show that BMAL1 can form a heterodimer with HIF2α in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, contributing to tumor progression and response to HIF2α antagonist drugs.

Cellular senescence drives aging, with the p53–FOXO4 axis sustaining senescent cell viability. This study reveals structural insights into p53 binding to FOXO4/FOXO4-DRI, informing the development of p53-targeted senolytics for age related diseases.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

Using viral barcode tracing to detect interactions between glioblastoma cells and non-malignant astrocytes in patient samples, investigators discovered a pathway that reduces tumour-specific immunity and identified potential therapeutic targets.

Hu et al. discovered that the truncated form of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), called p95HER2, drives tumor progression and resistance to the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2⁺ breast cancer. Blocking p95HER2 restores antitumor immunity.

High-content protein arrays were used to identify cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1) as a small-molecule glue target for the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase and induces VHL-dependent proteasomal degradation of CDO1 in cells.

Mice flexibly shift attention between specific whiskers on a rapid timescale based on recent stimulus reward history in a detection task. Attention is correlated with a somatotopically precise enhancement of neural coding in somatosensory cortex.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

KDM4C regulates cathepsin L-mediated histone H3 N-terminal tail clipping through grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) methylation in breast cancer. This link between the cellular redox state and chromatin remodeling might represent a therapeutic target in KDM4C-amplified tumors.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

In the primary report of a phase 1b trial, adeno-associated virus gene therapy with fordadistrogene movaparvovec in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was well tolerated in an ambulatory cohort, and mini-dystrophin expression was increased in the high-dose cohort.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Atomically thin layers of a correlated topological semimetal exhibit a nonlinear Hall effect that can be used to fabricate terahertz photodetectors with a room-temperature responsivity of 0.3 A W⁻¹, a broadband terahertz range and a picosecond response time.

The authors determined a cryo-EM structure of the pioneer factor NR5A2 bound to a nucleosome. NR5A2 releases nucleosomal DNA from histones by DNA minor anchor groove competition, providing a mechanism for pioneer factor activity during reprogramming

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Salivary gland cancers (SGC) respond poorly to immunotherapies and new treatment strategies are needed. Here, the authors develop an integrated analysis of advanced SGC to characterize the immune microenvironment and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

During visual learning, neural plasticity is driven by unsupervised learning in mice.

Here the authors analyze de novo mutations in >10,000 parent-offspring trios and find that ancestry and smoking independently associate with mutation rate, but that common genetic variants likely contribute little to mutation rate variation.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

Dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria produce saxitoxin (STX) congeners that block voltage-gated sodium channels. Here authors show how amphibians may sequester STX congeners using a ‘lock and key’ mode, expanding the understanding of toxic sponge action.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

Natural products populate areas of chemical space not occupied by average synthetic molecules. Here, an analysis of more than 180,000 natural product structures results in a library of 2,000 natural-product-derived fragments, which resemble the properties of the natural products themselves and give access to novel inhibitor chemotypes.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

Optimized SORT LNPs enable precise and long-lasting base editing in dual organs in a disease mouse model.

Loss of function of the minor spliceosome component ZRSR2 enhances hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal through minor intron retention of its target LZTR1, which is a regulator of RAS-related GTPases. Minor intron retention of LZTR1 was also identified in Noonan syndrome and diverse solid tumor types.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Here, the authors leverage whole-genome sequencing from >88,000 diverse individuals to uncover 18 BMI-related genetic signals, including novel variants in participants of African genetic ancestry, highlighting the value of diversity in genetic discovery.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

JWST observations suggest that both pebbles and planetesimals played an important role in forming the giant exoplanet WASP-121 b beyond the H₂O ice line. They also indicate that strong vertical mixing likely drives the nightside atmospheric chemistry.

Meta-analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals identify 87 rare-variant associations with blood pressure traits. On average, rare variants exhibit effects ~8 times larger than the mean effects of common variants and implicate candidate causal genes at associated regions.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.