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P-selectin has been considered as a biomarker of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging. Here, Yang et al. uncovered a new functional role of P-selectin engagement in regulating HSC regeneration and driving stem cell aging when perturbed.

There are currently no licensed vaccines to prevent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections. In this study, the authors evaluate the immune response and preclinical efficacy of a multicomponent mRNA lipid-nanoparticle vaccine against GAS.

In this study, the authors present optimization and efficacy testing of apolipoprotein-based lipid nanoparticles for delivering various nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo to immune cells and their progenitors in the bone marrow.

T cells undergo age-related changes that impair their organismal functions. Here Soto-Heredero et al. show that regulatory T cells characterized by the expression of KLRG1 accumulate with age in both mice and humans and exhibit features including mitochondrial decline and an inflammatory phenotype.

Excited state dynamics of alloyed quantum dots differ from that of binary quantum dots. Here, the authors use femtosecond spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to show that alloying tunes relaxation dynamics separately from traditional optical properties of quantum dots.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Impaired wound healing that leads to scar remains a clinical challenge. Here, the authors study the effects of hydrogel crosslinking on cellular behavior in skin wounds and its effect on immune and stromal cell activity.

Methylation and mass cytometry investigations demonstrate the consequences of smoke exposure in humans at the single-cell level.

Neural networks fundamentally dictate function. Here, the authors show thirteen uniquely connected neuron populations within the anterior thalamic nuclei, suggesting multiple parallel subnetworks support its emotional and cognitive functions.

Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine. Here the authors use single-cell RNA transcriptomic profiling and tissue localization studies to characterise the colon immune cell populations in MC, showing expansion of CD8 T cells with diverse TCR clonotypes and expression of CD4 T reg cell signatures.

Rubio-Navarro et al. identify a subset of pancreatic beta cells marked by high CD63 levels with enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. CD63-high beta cells are diminished in mouse models of and in humans with type 2 diabetes.

Vitamin E metabolites are proposed to have signalling capacity, but how they may regulate immune responses is still unclear. Here the authors show that a vitamin E metabolite, α-T-13′-COOH, can inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and thereby suppress the synthesis of lipid mediators of immune activation and inflammatory responses.

How lymphoid and myeloid specification occurs in human haematopoietic progenitors is not fully understood. Here the authors perform a proteomic screen on human bone marrow progenitors and suggest TdT⁺ and CD84^- progenitors as lymphoid-primed progenitors with residual myeloid potentials.

Activated memory B cells express a variety of markers. Here, by mass cytometry and CITE-seq, the authors identify differential expression of CD45RB as a marker distinguishing classical and atypical/non-classical memory B cells, with the former being more prominent during sepsis, while the latter being more abundant in COVID-19 infection or vaccination.

Marking of recently activated T cells may help further our understanding of immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here the authors use Nur77-GFP reporter mice infected with Mtb and systems data approaches to implicate OX40 as a marker for recently activated, functionally and transcriptome-wise distinct CD4 T cells, and as a potential target for immunotherapy.

Every spring, Bogong moths use the starry night sky as a compass to navigate up to 1,000 km towards their alpine migratory goal.

Robbins and colleagues show that cigarette smoke-induced endothelial dysfunction enables atherosclerotic plaque macrophages to drive abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.

Despite being a paradigmatic description of dissipative quantum dynamics, implementations of spin-boson models with trapped ions had limited tunability. Here, the authors demonstrate a trapped-ion quantum simulator of spin-boson dynamics with controllable bath spectral density, contributing towards scalable simulations of energy transfer processes.

Jacks and colleagues demonstrate the effects of neoantigen expression level on T-cell priming and immune surveillance during tumor development and progression and explore implications for immunotherapies, using in vivo models of colorectal cancer.

Venous tumour thrombus can occur within renal cell carcinoma, and can require complex additional surgery and treatment. Here, the authors analyse multiparametric data from patients treated with axitinib and develop a machine learning model to predict neoadjuvant treatment response.

Ronchese and colleagues show that IL-13 secreted homeostatically by dermal ILCs contributes to the differentiation of a CD11b^lo type 2 dendritic cell subset, which supports the development of T_H2 cells and curtails the development of T_H17 cells in the skin of mice and humans.

Farrar and colleagues show that thymic T_reg cells are generated through two distinct developmental programs that are both required for a comprehensive T_reg cell repertoire.

Establishment of antiviral immune responses depends on dendritic cells (DCs), but how transitional DCs compare with other DC subsets in this regard is unclear. Here the authors show the origins of these cells and their proinflammatory function during viral infection.

Gradients of cell recognition molecules wire a sensorimotor interface in Drosophila.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

DeNardo and colleagues show that tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) have a protective role during pancreas inflammation by triggering the activation of fibroblasts, but that TRM-driven fibrosis drives pancreas cancer pathogenesis.

Experimental evidence for charge coupling to ferroelectric soft mode is scarce. Here, the authors find a photogenerated coherent phonon coupling to the electronic transition above the bandgap in the van der Waals ferroelectric semiconductor NbOI2.

Kras is often mutated in colorectal cancer but how this oncogenic mutation alters signalling pathways globally is undetermined. Here, the authors analyse how this mutation affects protein interaction networks and signal flow showing an extensive re‐wiring of signalling in response to KRas mutation

A study describing an approach that combines imaging and profiling techniques to structurally and functionally analyse lung cancer in vivo, revealing heterogeneous mitochondrial networks and an association between bioenergetic phenotypes and mitochondrial organization and function.

Self-tolerance is established during B cell development but the contribution of clonal deletion, receptor editing, anergy and apoptosis is debated. Here we show that although apoptosis does occur in a high proportion of transitional B cells after exiting the bone marrow, the reactivity of apoptotic B cells does not differ from that of viable cells, which argues against apoptosis as major mechanism to eliminate self-reactive and polyreactive clones.

Networking remote superconducting quantum computers requires low-noise microwave-to-optical photon conversion. A transducer based on an integrated silicon electro-optomechanical resonator now achieves below one photon of added noise referred to the transducer input while operating continuously under laser drive.

The authors showcase a cutting edge12.1 Tbps coherent optical fiber transmission system using two Quantum-Dot Mode-Locked Lasers as both carrier and LO, which opens the way for a cost-effective solution to scaling intra-data center interconnects capacities.

ER⁺ breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapies often acquire resistance and develop metastasis. In this study, the authors demonstrate that endocrine therapies can promote the self-renewal of CD133^hi/ER^lodrug resistant cells with metastatic potential driven through the IL6-Notch3 axis activation.

Here, the authors investigate the intrinsic ultrafast transport dynamics in mono- and multi-layered MoSe₂ by studying suspended crystals that do not suffer from detrimental substrate effects. They identify four sequential transport regimes, including a phase of negative diffusion and slow exciton propagation.

Azacitidine (AZA) response in myelodysplastic neoplasms is unpredictable. Here, the authors show in a phase 2 trial that while global methylation changes did not differ by response, baseline and initial CpG methylation differences in HSPCs predicted AZA response.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

The ability to create optomechanically squeezed light at room temperature across a frequency range in the audio band could improve the measurement precision of future interferometric detectors for gravitational waves.

DeepCellMap, a deep-learning tool, maps microglial organisation in the developing brain, revealing their spatial diversity, clustering patterns, and associations with blood vessels. DeepCellMap is available as an open-source software.