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Decarbonizing the steel industry is essential for achieving sustainable development. Here the authors propose a decarbonization strategy for the steel industry that could substantially reduce carbon emissions and is easily adaptable to existing facilities.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Here, the authors identify EZH2-mediated DDX1 K234 methylation as a driver of MATR3 mis-splicing, leading to senescence and apoptosis of NP cells, and propose lipid nanoparticle-based delivery of full-length MATR3 as a potential therapy for IVDD.

Little sulfur from the 2022 Hunga submarine eruption reached the atmosphere due to seawater–magma interactions, indicating that the climate impact of this type of eruption may be underestimated, according to analysis of ash collected throughout the event.

Integrated Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 402 drilled two in-situ long mantle sections in the Tyrrhenian Sea, revealing that retention of large quantities of melts at mantle levels delayed the birth of an ocean basin.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Anti-TNF CAR macrophages show anti-inflammatory efficacy in both acute and chronic inflammatory disease mouse models.

Nanosized chemical heterogeneities modulate andesitic magma viscosity at early stages of nano-crystallization, according to viscosity models that account for variations in transition metal content

A study by Tajadura-Ortega et al. uses glycan microarrays to reveal how vaginal microbiota interacts with host glycans, offering insights into how glycan interactions influence bacterial colonization and competition.

The recent increase in isotopically light sulfur emissions from Campi Flegrei (Italy) is probably the result of degassing magma at ≥6 km depth and could be an indicator of caldera reawakening generally, according to observations and simulations.

The SiO₂ contents of erupted volcanic melts are correlated with persistent seismic signals that accompany eruptions—volcanic tremor—and may represent an eruption monitoring tool, according to a study of volcanic ash glasses from Cumbre Vieja volcano.

Entanglement of polymers underlies a variety of phenomena across multiple scales that are driven by different active processes. Here, the authors study the viscoelastic properties of highly entangled, flexible, self-propelled polymers using Brownian dynamics simulations and show that the active motion of the polymers increase the elasticity of the solution by orders of magnitude due to the emergence of grip forces at entanglement points and increases with polymer length and activity.

Kim and colleagues perform a phase 2 clinical trial (ELM-2) of odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and report on the primary analyses of the efficacy and safety profile.

An ultrasound-responsive short antimicrobial peptide incorporating diphenylalanine sequences exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and negligible toxicity.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The topological properties of twisted bilayer MoTe₂ are thought to stem from a spatial texture in the layer polarization of the electronic wavefunctions. This polarization is now measured using scanning tunnelling microscopy.

Microscale ferroelectric topological textures in freestanding BaTiO₃ nanomembranes enable dynamic vortex light manipulation via nonlinear spin-to-orbit conversion.

Necroptosis in cancer cells remains incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that inhibition of FGFR2 could induce necroptosis via crosstalk between the NF2-Hippo-YAP and RIP1-MST1-MLKL pathways and shapes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Experimental phase equilibria carried out on material from four main explosive events at Vesuvius are used to show that the reservoirs that fed the eruptive activity migrated from 7–8 km to 3–4 km depth between the 79 AD (Pompei) and 472 AD (Pollena) events. If data from the 18.5 kyr-old Pomici di Base event and the 1944 Vesuvius eruption are included, the total upward migration of the reservoir amounts up to 9–11 km. Reservoir migration, and the possible influence on feeding rates, should accordingly be integrated into the parameters used for defining expected eruptive scenarios at Vesuvius.

Observations of strongly positive nitrogen isotopic compositions of sedimentary rocks in the 2.68-Gyr-old shallow to deep marine sedimentary deposit of the Serra Sul Formation suggest that oxygenic photosynthesis predated the Great Oxidation Event.

Sheikh Junaid Fayaz and colleagues develop high-fidelity machine learning models that predict clinker phases using industrial cement plant data. This approach can enable real-time optimization of clinker quality, potentially reducing industrial waste, improving product quality, and lowering carbon emissions.

A study of human and mouse models of pancreatic cancer finds that inhibiting the lipid kinase PIKfyve interferes with the cancer’s lipid homeostasis, making it a potential target for drug development.

Esters can be used as fuels and specialty chemicals for food flavoring, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Here, the authors systematically engineer clostridia, including discovery and deletion of prophages to increase strain stability, for the production of butyl acetate and butyl butyrate from corn stover at low cost.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Multi-omic analysis of the adult human prostate identifies spatially resolved cell populations with potential links to prostate carcinogenesis.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

Piezoelectric antimicrobial peptides are engineered to generate reactive oxygen species under ultrasound stimulation for treating spinal infections in goats.

Maddaloni/X-6 was a high-magnitude eruption, the second largest event at Campi Flegrei. The eruption had an early Plinian and a co-ignimbrite phase, according to volcanological inverse modelling used to reconstruct the past explosive volcanism at Campi Flegrei.

The authors report a wet-chemical selenization-based anisotropy optimization to control the orientation of the Ag₂Se thin film, achieving a power factor of 30.8 μW cm⁻¹ K⁻² in the thin film and a normalized power density of 1.8 μW cm⁻² K⁻² in the device.

The authors present that encephalitic Semliki Forest virus uses choroid plexus epithelial cells as neuroinvasion pathway in mice and show that entry is specifically dependent on expression of very low-density-lipoprotein receptor in these cells.

Halide perovskites are promising for next generation photovoltaic technology but their environmental impact has not been fully evaluated. Here Li et al. show that the lead from perovskites is ten times more dangerous than lead-containing electronics while tin perovskites are much less bioavailable.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

The authors report a vacancy engineering method to simultaneously optimize carrier concentration and maintain high plasticity, achieving a nearly 10% strain in three-point bending tests and a high ZT of ~0.83 at 343 K in (AgCu)0.998Te0.8Se0.1S0.1.

Comparisons between past regional drivers of precipitation extremes found time series data from Lake Ohrid and modern climate models of the Mediterranean may help to reduce simulation uncertainties in predictions of the Mediterranean climate.

In analogy with quantum Hall systems, it may be possible to find non-abelian anyons in the higher bands of Chern insulators. Now, the phase diagram of the second moiré band of twisted MoTe₂ is explored, laying the groundwork for such investigations.