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In patients with advanced cancer, the development of brain metastasis (BM) often signals a worsening prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors assemble a large, open-source neuroimaging dataset of BM and perform spatial and morphological analysis which they use to develop a framework for function-sparing brain radiotherapy design.

The Pine Island Glacier, a locus of ice loss from the modern West Antarctic Ice Sheet, had previously been stable since at least the mid-Holocene, according to records tracking ice extent based on radiocarbon and cosmogenic exposure dating.

This work quantifies the impact of sound ordinances on the wind energy capacity in the United States. It finds existing sound ordinances reduce the capacity by 8% over standard setbacks and explores impacts of other hypothetical ordinance scenarios.

A cross-sectional study from four African countries shows the importance of investigating the gut microbiome in previously under-represented populations and provides a framework for equitable microbiome research.

Analysis of multiple cohorts of patients with melanoma demonstrates a positive association between cytomegalovirus serostatus and overall survival in patients treated with monotherapy but not combination immune checkpoint blockade, as well as delayed onset of immune-related adverse events across both treatment types, as well as delayed development of metastatic disease in seropositive patients.

Experiments with cold atoms in optical cavities are often limited to discontinuous operation due to reloading requirements. Now, continuous lasing is demonstrated with strontium atoms in a ring cavity, stabilized by atom loss mechanisms.

This protocol enables rigorous and reproducible quantification of prokaryotic concentration in stool samples by 16S rRNA qPCR or ddPCR.

CRISPR–Cas9-based saturation genome editing in a humanized mouse embryonic stem cell line was used for comprehensive functional characterization of single nucleotide variants in a region of BRCA2, and shows good agreement with existing variant classifications and high predictive power.

Imaging highly exothermic reactions in high spatial and temporal resolution to understand their underlying reaction mechanisms is challenging. Here, the authors develop a high-speed microscopy/pyrometry imaging system to successfully observe reactive sintering in a nanothermite reaction in-operando.

Extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs have previously been used to realize spectroscopy with a megahertz level resolution, but higher resolutions are desired for precision-measurement applications. Now, a sub-hertz spectral resolution is demonstrated, which corresponds to coherence times of over 1 s at photon energies up to 20 eV; such coherence times are over six orders of magnitude longer than those previously reported.

Landslide deposits are often interpreted as the consequence of precipitation. A millennial-scale record of landslides, inferred from river cobbles in the arid Andes, is instead consistent with earthquake triggering.

Head-fixation system is widely used in neuroscience research but has limitations in application due to restraint. Here the authors developed a magnetic voluntary head-fixation system that allows stable rat hippocampal imaging during complex behaviors.

Parker et al. recorded neural activity in V1 of freely moving mice and freely gazing marmosets. In both species, neurons respond to gaze shifts in a temporal sequence, such that new visual input is processed in a ‘coarse’ to ‘fine’ manner.

ENSO end members El Niño and La Niña are linked to elevated coastal hazards across the Pacific region. Here, the authors show that the wave conditions and coastal response for the 2015–16 El Niño indicate that it was one of the most significant events of the last 145 years.

Previous studies have highlighted the role of quantum circuit symmetries in ameliorating the barren plateau problem, but rigorous analytical results on this topic are scarce. Here, by looking at Lie algebra supported ansätze, the authors find an expression for the variance of the cost function gradient as a function of the dimension of the dynamical Lie algebra.

We present the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference.

CRISPRi-based screen identifies enhancers that nonlinearly regulate lineage-specifying transcription factors during definitive endoderm differentiation. A new CTCF-loop-constrained Interaction Activity (CIA) model is better at predicting functional enhancers than previous Hi-C-based enhancer–promoter contact frequency models.

The authors have developed a satellite-based method that detects tropospheric ethane, revealing major sources like fires and fossil fuels. It agrees with ground-based observations and shows Permian Basin emissions of ethane are higher than estimated.

Resequencing analyses of three species of wild sunflower identify large non-recombining haplotype blocks that correlate with ecologically relevant traits, soil and climate characteristics, and that differentiate species ecotypes.

Retinol, a form of vitamin A, plays an essential role in many biological processes throughout the human lifespan. Here the authors identify genetic variants that influence the level of circulating retinol and use this information to better understand how retinol impacts human health.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

A large-scale, five-year study in Indonesia finds that enriching oil palm-dominated landscapes with patches of trees bolsters biodiversity and ecosystem functioning without impairing oil palm yields but should not replace forest protection.

Not just differential gene expression but also differential gene regulation in immune cells account for individual differences in the immune response. Authors show here by single-cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a large cohort of genetically diverse individuals that gene expression and regulatory changes in these cells depend on the context of and interactions between cell types, genetics, type of pathogen and time after exposure.

Few mouse models recapitulate the complexity of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors develop and characterise a TNBC mouse model harbouring two common TNBC mutations: amplification of the oncogene MYC and deletion of the tumour suppressor PTEN.

On the oceanic island of Tenerife, dispersal, speciation and persistence drive the diversity and distribution of plant functional traits.

Piff and Wiwad et al. find that attributing poverty to situational forces is associated with greater concern for inequality, and three experiments reveal that increasing situational attributions for poverty motivates egalitarianism up to 5 months later.

The use of widely available groundwater and remote sensing data allows the identification of depth to groundwater thresholds to maintain water-dependent vegetation health.

Discovering that nociceptive sensory neurons express the receptor for anthrax toxin, Yang et al. show that anthrax toxin can induce potent analgesia in mice and facilitate the delivery of potentially analgesic cargo proteins into nociceptive neurons.

This paper reports a Bayesian approach for the automatic identification of the optimal clustering proposal in the analysis of single-molecule localization-based super-resolution data.

Analyses of expression profiles from whole blood of 31,684 individuals identify cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects for 88% of genes and trans-eQTL effects for 37% of trait-associated variants.

Tropical forests are threatened worldwide. This study finds Indigenous Lands reduce deforestation and degradation throughout the tropics at rates comparable to protected areas and at higher rates in Africa.

Most spatial navigation studies assume a linear map of space. This study reports that neural representations of space follow non-linear hyperbolic coordinates. These representations also expand with experience along a maximally informative limit.

The authors associate a novel genomic risk score with a broad set of psychiatric symptoms in children. They trace the impact of associated genes on cerebellar developmental processes that originate in fetal life and endure through early adolescence.

A global dataset of the satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and fishing fleets show that sharks—and, in particular, commercially important species—have limited spatial refuge from fishing effort.

C-SIDE facilitates accurate cell type-specific differential expression analysis for multiple spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies by cell type mixture modeling.

Testing of combinations of cancer immunotherapies and conventional drugs yields promising leads.

The optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskite in highfluence applications are hindered by heterogeneous multi-polaron interactions in the nanoscale. Here, Nishda et al. spatially resolve sub-ns relaxation dynamics on the nanometer scale by ultrafast infrared pumpprobe nanoimaging.

Inhibitors of α_vβ₃ and α_vβ₅ integrins have previously been shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and growth and have entered human clinical trials. Andrew Reynolds and his coworkers now show that low (nanomolar) concentrations of these inhibitors can unexpectedly promote VEGF-dependent tumor angiogenesis and growth in vivo. Such effects could compromise the anticancer efficacy of these agents in humans.

Previous studies identified an association between the 2q35 locus and breast cancer. Here, the authors show that a SNP at 2q35, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive disease and suggest that this effect is mediated through the downregulation of a known breast cancer gene, IGFBP5.

Predicted sea-level rise is widely anticipated to lead to increased coastal erosion, however, assessing how rocky coasts will respond to changes in marine conditions is difficult to constrain. Here, the authors find that a North Yorkshire rocky cliff has been eroding at a similar rate over the last 7 kyr, and they do not observe an increase in erosion rates in response to modern sea level rise.

Here, using a mouse model, the authors report a previously undescribed role for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in host metabolism of gut microbiota metabolites, and show that circulating compounds, including the abundant organic acid hippurate, depend on host-microbe co-metabolism of phenylalanine by Clostridium sporogenes.

Yang and colleagues perform a network system–pharmacology approach and clinical data integration, and identify LCK and BCL2 signaling as the molecular determinants of dasatinib response in pediatric and adult patients with T-ALL.

Meningeal lymphatic drainage can affect the microglial inflammatory response and anti-amyloid-β immunotherapy in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.

Direct satellite measurements of atmospheric isoprene are compared with model predictions, showing broad agreement but highlighting spatial and temporal biases in modelled isoprene and nitrogen oxide emissions.

FINO₂ is a small molecule that requires the endoperoxide moiety and hydroxyl group to promote ferroptosis through indirect inhibition of GPX4 enzymatic function and direct oxidation of iron, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation.

Analyses of samples from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia reveal that drug response is associated with mutational status and gene expression; the generated dataset provides a basis for future clinical and functional studies of this disease.