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The immunomodulatory functions of mast cells (MCs) within the tumor microenvironment are elusive. Here, the authors present a transcriptomic characterization of LUAD-infiltrating MCs and identify a proinflammatory subset that contributes to the activation of cytotoxic MAIT cells by secreting IL-18 via NRLP3 activation and pyroptosis, ultimately boosting anti-tumor immunity.

Dopaminergic dysfunction is a key of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Here, the authors developed a multifunctional neural interface that simultaneously monitors dopamine dynamics and neural activity while delivering 40 Hz stimulation to rescue cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.

Chronic visceral pain is frequently accompanied by changes in food preference and the underlying neural circuitry mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors elucidate a circuit from cholecystokinin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH^CCK) projecting to glutamatergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC^Glu) to regulate food preference accompany with chronic visceral pain.

Preliminary results from an investigator-initiated clinical trial showed that an AAV-OTOF gene therapy was safe and led to hearing improvements in ten patients with congenital deafness with 6–12 months of follow-up, including in a teenager and a young adult, expanding the age range from previous trials.

C(sp³)-C(sp³) amination represents a promising approach for synthesizing various amines, facilitating applications from late-stage scaffold hopping to the degradation of polymers and biomass. Herein, the authors report an electro-oxidative benzylic C(sp³)-C(sp³) amination reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons using nitriles, amides, and sulfonamides as nucleophiles.

Drought, fires, and human activities have reversed the accumulation of live biomass carbon in the Northern Hemisphere, with total biomass shifting from a positive to a negative trend around 2016.

Cao et al. report an A-site co-doping strategy by substituting Cs+ cation by alkali metals for perovskite quantum wires embedded in nanoporous alumina template, stabilising the crystal structure and enabling high-colour purity LEDs spanning from blue to green spectral region.

The heterogeneity of HSPCs in response to IR stress remains poorly characterized. Here, the authors provide insights into the molecular intricacies of IR-induced BM injury and reveal the roles of BMP4-BMPR2 signaling in radiation resistance of HSCs.

Metal-tip-based electron sources are constrained by a trade-off between energy spread and pulse width. Here the authors report a carbon-nanotube-based electron source with a 0.3-eV energy spread and an electron pulse width of about 13 fs.

This study presents a self-rectifying memristor (SRM) with high rectification ratio based on a TiN/HfO_x/Pt structure. It demonstrates minimal device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variations, enabling scalability and suitability for in-memory computing. SRM-based crossbar arrays achieve software-comparable accuracy and show promise to enhance autonomous driving security and reliability.

Claudin proteins maintain epithelial and endothelial tight junctions, but their functions in adipocytes lacking such junctions remain unclear. Here, the authors show that claudin-5 present in non-thermogenic adipocytes regulates thermogenesis and energy expenditure by modulating IL-10 secretion.

The effects of non-reacting components on polyatomic reactions are still largely unclear. Here, the authors show through a combined experimental and theoretical study of the D + CH₄ reaction that the CH₃ umbrella bending mode serves as a reporter mode, revealing how the D atom dynamically approaches CH₄.

A versatile nano-adaptor is used to construct multi-specific nano-antibodies for treatment of tumours in mice.

An electrolyte design using small-sized fluoroacetonitrile solvents to form a ligand channel produces lithium-ion batteries simultaneously achieving high energy density, fast charging and wide operating temperature range, desirable features for batteries working in extreme conditions.

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

The authors present a Mn incorporation strategy to enhance the stability of PdH_x metallenes by locking interstitial H atoms via strong electronic interactions in the immiscible alloy, resulting in an improved alkaline oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability at working temperature around 353 K.

In a reverse-translational study followed by a clinical trial, the targeting of antigen-presenting mast cells was identified as a therapeutic approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who experienced clinical benefit when treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn.

This study reveals that α-lipoic acid (ALA) is reduced in aged mouse and human intestine and ALA supplementation reduces aging hallmarks. Paneth cells play a role in the effects of ALA.

A facile light-triggered doping strategy involving a series of inactive photoactivable dopants is described that facilitates tunable regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors, resulting in stable patterning of the doping profile at record high resolutions.

Solving partial differential equations is the cornerstone of scientific and engineering development. Here, authors show a high-performance optical neural engine architecture, combining diffractive optics and optical matrix multipliers, to solve a variety of equations in broad scientific domains.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

The genetic basis of grapevine thermotolerance remains poorly understood. Here, the authors identify WRKY transcription factor TTC4 as a positive regulator of thermotolerance and reveal its possible upstream repressor SPL13 and downstream target genes HSP18.1 and APX3.

Lan et al. demonstrate the high performance of plasma p-tau217 in detecting and tracking multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, outperforming other plasma tau biomarkers across two Chinese cohorts (GHABS and Huashan) and the North American ADNI cohort.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Human NPCs show promise for stroke treatment, but challenges remain in neuron diversity and maturation time. Here, the authors describe the generation of FOXG1 progenitors from iPSCs that quickly mature into functional cortical neurons, enhancing stroke recovery in rats.

This study integrates a nitrite-adsorbing ionophore into a copper/carbon nanotube electrified membrane, enabling ultrafast and highly selective ammonia production from low-concentration nitrate in real water sources. This cooperative adsorption approach tunes the local catalyst environment to achieve high activity, selectivity and stability without using precious metals or complex synthesis methods.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is limited by the scaling relationship in the conventional oxygen associative pathway. In this study, single p-block atoms and interstitial H are incorporated into Pd metallenes favoring the direct dissociation mechanism, leading to high alkaline ORR performance.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

This work demonstrates an efficient electrochemical exfoliation approach to achieve high recovery rate for few-layered halogenated MXenes by leveraging gaseous propylene molecules as ‘physical scissors’, to enable advanced tribovoltaic nanogenerators.

Electrolyte interactions critically govern battery performance yet lack precise design principles. The authors introduce interaction motif descriptors to design an electrolyte enabling 99.7% Li-metal Coulombic efficiency for 4.5 V batteries.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

A nanobody was identified that targets the N-terminal fragment of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRG2, allosterically enhances activation by the natural agonist dehydroepiandrosterone and restores signaling in mutant receptors.

Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric multicomponent reactions with two similar substrates often suffer from the lack of strategies to control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Here, the authors report a Cu(I)-catalyzed asymmetric radical 1,2-carboalkynylation of two different terminal alkynes and alkyl halides with chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity.

Spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains are fabricated through on-surface synthesis and reduction. As the chain length increases, the spin excitation gaps decrease, suggesting a gapless state in the thermodynamic limit. Spinon dispersion observed in the spin chains highlights the potential of this approach for realizing custom quantum spin systems.

The connection between plasma proteomic and brain structure remains unclear. Here, the authors establish a comprehensive atlas of the patterns of associations between microscale proteome and brain structure, and demonstrate their potential value for studying brain disorders.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Cerebral asymmetry, crucial for cognitive functions, often changes in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study maps structural brain asymmetry in 11,000 children aged 10–14 years, identifying age-related patterns linked to genetics, environment, cognition, and psychiatric risks.

Analysis of ancient DNA, stable isotope data and archaeological evidence from the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China suggests it was populated by a matrilineal Neolithic community between 2750 and 2500 bc.

Multiple resonance (MR) emitters with narrowband luminescence typically suffer from inadequate frontier molecular orbital levels. Here, authors incorporate cyano motifs at peripheral sites of the MR backbone to adjust the energy levels, realizing device efficiency of over 23% for stable devices.

Targeted degradation has the potential to treat diseases associated with pathological protein build up. Here, the authors report on an oligo-PROTAC which degrades FUS, a protein associated with frontotemporal dementia, demonstrating delivery on DNA nanoflowers for increase blood-brain barrier crossing and retention.