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Weak transitions have a prominent role in optical clock devices and fundamental physics tests but are challenging to resolve due to the unfavourable scaling of the cross section with transition strengths. Here, the authors demonstrate enhanced cross sections due to beyond single-photon excitations in He atoms, facilitating applications in precision spectroscopy.

Asymmetric hydrophosphorylation of unsaturated compounds is a straightforward and atom-economic approach to obtaining chiral organophosphorus compounds. Herein, the authors describe a Pd-catalzyed ligand controlled regiodivergent and enantioselective hydrophosphorylation of styrenes.

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection of the subcutaneous tissue, most often caused by the fungal pathogen Madurella mycetomatis. Here, the authors show that iron acquisition pathways in both pathogen and host are upregulated during grain formation in an insect larva infection model.

Dietary n-6 PUFAs enhance adipose tissue expandability through the PPARγ–LPCAT3 membrane remodelling axis.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is limited by the scaling relationship in the conventional oxygen associative pathway. In this study, single p-block atoms and interstitial H are incorporated into Pd metallenes favoring the direct dissociation mechanism, leading to high alkaline ORR performance.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

KDM4C regulates cathepsin L-mediated histone H3 N-terminal tail clipping through grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) methylation in breast cancer. This link between the cellular redox state and chromatin remodeling might represent a therapeutic target in KDM4C-amplified tumors.

Wang, Tang and colleagues develop the low-signal signed iterative random forest pipeline to investigate epistasis in the genetic control of cardiac hypertrophy, identifying epistatic variants near CCDC141, IGF1R, TTN and TNKS loci, and show that hypertrophy in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is nonadditively influenced by interactions among CCDC141, TTN and IGF1R.

The electrocatalytic upgrading of CO₂/CO provides a promising route to produce carbon-neutral alcohols but suffers from product loss to crossover and dilution. Here, the authors report on a CO reduction electrolyzer that recovers over 85% of alcohol without dilution, which is then scaled to 800 cm².

Allele-preferential transcription factor binding can influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk loci function. Here, the authors show allele-specific JunB and JunD binding at chr1p36.33 and propose a role for KLHL17 in protein homeostasis by mitigating inflammation.

Wastewater treatment plants are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the authors analyze ARGs in a global collection of samples from wastewater treatment plants across six continents, providing insights into biotic and abiotic mechanisms that appear to control ARG diversity and distribution.

The results of the Fifth RNA-Puzzles contest highlights advances in RNA three-dimensional structure prediction and uncovers new insights into RNA folding and structure.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

Reactive capture—integrating CO₂ capture and electrochemical valorization—improves energy efficiency by eliminating gas-phase CO₂ desorption. Here, authors design a redox-active polymeric network to boost the direct conversion of captured CO₂ to multicarbon products with CO₂-free gas product stream.

Transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit diverse and tunable electronic states. Here the authors reveal a cascade of phase transitions upon increasing hydrostatic pressure in the few-layer 1T’-WS₂, including a re-entrant superconducting phase emerging from a normal state exhibiting anomalous Hall effect.

It may be possible to find non-Abelian electronic states in the higher bands of flat-band materials. Now a detailed transport study of the second moiré band of twisted bilayer MoTe₂ maps out several topological and magnetic states.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

The design of covalent organic frameworks featuring high porosity and excellent charge transfer properties is crucial for widespread applications. Here, the authors report covalent organic frameworks with tunable dimensionality allowing to fine-tune their electronic band structure, charge mobility, and porosity.

Natural products have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, but also present challenges for drug discovery, such as technical barriers to screening, isolation, characterization and optimization. This Review discusses recent technological developments — including improved analytical tools, genome mining and engineering strategies, and microbial culturing advances — that are enabling a revitalization of natural product-based drug discovery.

The pairing mechanism in kagome superconductors is still not fully understood. Now, CsV₃Sb₅, which belongs to this family, is shown to have orbital-selective pairing with two distinct superconducting domes that are not separated by any phase boundary.

RNA modifications like m6A are vital for gene expression but challenging to detect at single-base resolution. Here, the authors introduce pum6a, an advanced computational framework, to enable precise single-base m6A detection and uncovering regulatory mechanisms in hypoxic cancer cells.

Electrosynthesis of n-propanol from CO has been limited by poor selectivity and low product concentration. Here a Sn–Cu catalyst/carbon/ionomer heterojunction is prepared where the adjacent atomic active sites favour the coupling of C₁ and C₂ intermediates to C₃ product with 47% Faradaic efficiency and the reversal of electro-osmotic drag concentrates the product to 30 wt%.

While Pd₂L₄-type coordination cages tend to form interlocked dimers, isolation and characterization of both the cage and its interlocked dimer is very challenging. Herein, the authors report the synthesis and solvent-mediated interconversion of highly soluble phenoxazine-based monomeric cage and corresponding interlocked dimer.

The authors present a 3D map of nearly all cells in C. elegans embryos, revealing how cell shape, size, and fate change over time. They show how Notch and Wnt signaling, along with mechanical forces, influence development, including organ formation.

The multipass membrane transporter MFSD6 localizes to the plasma membrane and acts as a host entry factor for enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) by binding directly to EV-D68 particles through its extracellular, third loop, offering a potential target to combat infections by this emerging pathogen.

Unveiling the regulation of mitotic protein degradation is crucial for cancer therapy. Here, the authors reveal that a reciprocal inhibition of PIN1-APC/C^CDH1 controls the cell cycle and mitotic protein degradation, offering a synergistic anti-tumor strategy.

The secretion of cytokines by helper T cells is affected by the cytokine environment and by costimulatory signals. Engagement of the receptor OX40 on T cells increases expression of the transcription factor TRAF6, activates the alternative transcription factor NF-κB pathway and induces the production of interleukin 9.

The random orientation of spontaneously formed 2D phase atop 3D perovskites limits the performance of solar cells. Here, authors introduce a meta-amidinopyridine ligand with solvent post dripping to generate highly ordered 2D perovskites, achieving maximum efficiency of 26.05% for stable devices.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Topological materials hold great promise for dissipationless information transmission. Here, the authors create Chern insulator junctions between domains with different Chern numbers in MnBi₂Te₄ to realize the basic operation of a topological circuit.

Value of information analyses are a promising approach to decision-making in conservation. Here the authors develop a dynamic approach to show that knowing which species benefit from an ecosystem function improves ecosystem service and biodiversity management, particularly for risk-prone managers.

The F + para-H₂ → HF + H reaction is an important source of HF in interstellar clouds; however, its unusually high rate and its dynamics at low temperature are not fully understood. Now, quantum-state resolved crossed-beam scattering measurements and anion photoelectron spectroscopy have revealed that this reactivity is caused by a resonance-enhanced tunnelling effect involving a post-barrier resonance state.

A study finds that a protease called granzyme K can activate the entire complement cascade, explaining how it can drive destructive inflammation in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

In cancer, the impact on cellular fitness of copy-number gains affecting collaterally-amplified genes remains poorly understood compared to oncogenes. Here, the authors integrate genomic data from tumours and cell lines and identify a class of ‘Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity’ (ARGOS) genes, with potential therapeutic applications.

Bacterial proteins are often recruited to specific subcellular locations to carry out their functions. Here, the authors use the optogenetic CRY2-CIB1 system to re-direct proteins to different subcellular locations, and thus manipulate the proteins’ functions, in live bacterial cells.

Complex structural variations and rearrangements in cancer are identified using long-read sequencing.

This study reports the preparation of degradable poly(β-amino ester) microparticles as a promising replacement for nondegradable microplastics in cleansing products and food fortification, demonstrating effective cleansing, toxic element removal and robust nutrient protection with efficient release.

Aging increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, the authors present a spatial transcriptome atlas of the human prefrontal cortex in AD, revealing distinct transcriptional alterations.

Traditional water–gas shift reaction process is hindered by harsh reaction conditions and extra steps for hydrogen separation and purification. Here, the authors report a room temperature electrochemical water–gas shift process for direct production of high purity hydrogen with a faradaic efficiency of approximately 100%.