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Xiao, Dong, Xie, Feng et al. developed FRα-targeting chimeras (FRTACs) for targeted membrane protein degradation by conjugating multiple folate molecules to antibodies of targeted proteins. The folate polyvalency of FRTACs enables high affinity and potency of FRTACs in eliminating target proteins.

A natural product containing an acylsulfenic acid functional group was discovered in a marine Streptomyces bacterium. Its biosynthesis is orchestrated by enzymes from both primary and secondary metabolism, including a flavin-dependent S-hydroxylase. The prevalence of enzymes catalysing the production of acylsulfenic acid in bacteria implies a potentially broad distribution of this functional group in specialized metabolites.

In this work, authors design novel protein condensation inhibitors (PCIs) targeting an allosteric site of cGAS, blocking DNA interactions and phase separation to suppress immune activation, and demonstrate therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease models.

An acid-free atmospheric leaching process extracts 97.4% Ni and 98.8% Co from critical minerals, limits iron dissolution (4.7%), and reduces CO₂ emissions by 59.5%, offering a sustainable alternative for battery-grade metal production.

Hypoxia occurs at high altitude and in cancer. Here, the authors show that a gene involved in hypoxia, YTHDF1, underwent rapid evolution in Tibetans and their domestic animals, and find that the gene is amplified in some cancers and contributes to drug resistance in hypoxic conditions.

UDA-seq incorporates a post-indexing step to enhance the throughput of droplet-based single-cell multimodal sequencing, enabling efficient large-scale single-cell analysis.

Traditional bromine chemistry uses Br₂, which is environmentally unfriendly and wasteful. Here, the authors design a scalable electrochemical route to synthesize Br-substituted molecules using NaBr over Co₃O₄ under mild conditions and with high selectivity.

Phonons at the FeSe/STO interface are imaged at atomic scale, uncovering new optical phonon modes that couple strongly with electrons, shedding light on the microscopic origin of the interfacial EPC and providing insights into achieving superconducting transition temperature enhancement.

The NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex is a main reactive oxygen species (ROS) source during inflammation. Here the authors report that NCF4, a subunit of the NOX2 complex, acts a sensor of ROS levels and regulates NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation, associated with attenuated colorectal cancer progression.

This work proposes a cracking control strategy using MXene and silver nanowire composite films to achieve a stretchable strain sensor system with high resolution, range, sensitivity, speed, and stability

This research identifies a regulatory role for the receptor-like kinase FERONIA in Arabidopsis roots, finding that it balances growth and immunity by activating localized immunity in response to bacterial colonization.

Animals can fear specific objects with no previous experience. For example, naive mice are innately afraid of cats. Here the authors employed optogenet­ics and behavioral assays to determine the neural circuit mechanisms involved in mediating olfactory cue–induced innate fear in mice.

The exact quantification of environmental and human health gains achieved through sustainable nitrogen management is often impaired by real-world data availability. Drawing on an extensive database in China, this study estimates the costs and benefits of combining organic and chemical fertilizers, straw recycling and deep placement of fertilizer.

Ageing is associated with muscle atrophy. Here, the authors show that the secreted glycoprotein Dickkopf 3 promotes muscle atrophy by inducing nuclear import of beta-catenin, its association with FoxO3 and the consequent activation of the atrophy-related genes Atrogin1 and MuRF1.

The mediators of bone-fat axis remain largely unknown. Here, the authors show SHN3 gene-deficiency in bone can protect mouse models from weight gain driven by diet-induced obesity through secreting a bone-derived cytokine, C-fragment of SLIT2, which could stimulate adipocyte browning.

De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 maize FILs provide insights into genomic and phenotypic differentiation of various heterotic groups and the molecular basis of heterosis in maize.

Despite being an established oncogenic driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), therapies targeting NRF2 hyperactivation are lacking. Here, the authors identify peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as a mediator of NRF2 stability and demonstrate the efficacy of targeting this interaction with cyclosporin A in preclinical models of NSCLC.

Authors find room-temperature ferroelectricity in single element Te nanowires, highlighting that reducing dimensions to 1D in low-dimensional piezoelectric materials with chain structures is an effective strategy to induce ferroelectricity absent in their 2D form.

Ponds played an important role in ancient rice-growing regions such as China and India. Here, the authors find that reviving small water bodies to recycle drainage water for irrigation can reduce China’s rice production water footprint by 9% and alleviate 2-3% yield loss in dry years.

Neoadjuvant therapy is recommended for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of oral neoadjuvant therapy with pyrotinib (pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor), letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) and dalpiciclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) in patients with treatment-naïve and stage II-III triple positive breast cancer.

The neural mechanisms responsible for cold defense regulation are still unclear. Here, authors show parallel thermogenic pathways from the brain stem to the hypothalamus work together to enable resilience to cold temperature exposure and hypothermia.

CD28 signaling motifs are sequestered within the membrane via interactions with phospholipids. TCR activation increases the local Ca²⁺ concentration, which disrupts CD28-lipid interactions.

The non-innocence of electrolyte cations in the activity of CO₂ reduction has been widely acknowledged, although these complex effects are not fully understood. Here, opposite to the trend observed with Cu and Ag surfaces, smaller alkali cations greatly enhance CO₂-to-methanol conversion on a cobalt molecular electrocatalyst.

In this study, the authors identify and characterize distinct Salmonella Typhimurium rough colony strains, likely originating from Chinese smooth colony strains around 1977 that predominantly belong to sublineage L6.5 and carry a specific csgD promoter mutation.

Aberrant chromatin structure is often found in cancer. Here, the authors optimise super-resolution microscopy for pathological tissue and discovered a significant decompaction of chromatin folding in early carcinogenesis prior to tumour formation.

Zhang et al. show that ALK phosphorylates SMAD4 at Tyr 95 to block its binding to DNA, representing a mutation-independent mechanism for blocking the tumour suppressor function of TGF-β in ALK-positive cancers.

Lithium dendrite growth is a serious hazard in battery operations. Here, the authors show that when using lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate as additives in ether-based electrolyte, a stable and uniform solid electrolyte interphase forms on the lithium surface, which prevents dendrite growth.

Wu et al. optimized the m⁶A mapping method for ultralow-input materials and characterized the transcriptome-wide landscape of m⁶A methylation in mouse oocytes and early embryos.

Enzalutamide, an approved drug for prostate cancer, acts on TMPRSS2 expression, a key mediator for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, the authors characterize the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of Enzalutamide in prostate cancer cells, lung cancer cells, human lung organoids and in hACE2-transduced Tmprss2 knockout mice and show lack antiviral action in human lung cells and human lung organoids, likely due to the AR-independent TMPRSS2 expression in mouse and human lung epithelial cells.

Shigella sonnei is a major contributor to the global burden of dysenteric diarrhoea in developed countries. In this work, authors report a S. sonnei clone which has caused numerous waterborne shigellosis outbreaks in China from 2015 to 2020.

The climate crisis demands low-carbon solutions at the individual scale. Jiahe Xu, Xuan Zhang, Daniel M. Kammen and colleagues propose a body grid framework and mechanisms to enhance energy efficiency and personal comfort, with simulations suggesting up to 50% global savings in space cooling and heating.

Polymer solar cells are lightweight and may represent a low-cost source of energy, although efficiency still prohibits many practical applications. Here researchers demonstrate polymer solar cells with a certified efficiency of 9.2%. This is achieved by employing an inverted structure that aids photogenerated charge-carrier collection and photon harvesting.

Ubiquitination is a prevalent post translational modification. Here, the authors show a pivotal role for Nedd4l in the regulation of antiviral immunity via promotion of ubiquitination of TRAF3 and go on to show disruption of Nedd4l both in vitro and in vivo perturbs the antiviral immune response.

Large-scale population screening can provide insights to levels of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, the authors report a citywide screening of ~10,000,000 residents of Wuhan and show that SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence was very low five to eight weeks after the end of lockdown.

The electromagnetic (EM) energy released by electronic devices in the environment is largely wasted and contributes to EM pollution. Here, the authors report the synthesis of staggered circular nanoporous graphene enabling the absorption and conversion of EM waves into electricity via the thermoelectric effect.

Spinal pain is a major clinical problem. Here the authors show that osteoclasts create porous area of endplates of the vertebrae and sensory innervation of porous endplates by Netrin-1 release from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice.