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The retention of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the mesangium leads to pathogenesis in IgA nephropathy. Here the authors report that Gd-IgA1 is internalized by mesangial cells potentially via transferrin receptor 1, forming aggregates that disrupt lysosomal function and elicit inflammation.

Low temperature is a major factor limiting productivity in rice. Here the authors show that theCTB4a gene confers cold tolerance to japonicavarieties adapted to cold habitats at the booting stage of development, and propose that CTB4a acts via an interaction with the beta subunit of ATP synthase.

Discectomy-induced ferroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) contributes to postoperative intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Here, Wang et al. report a therapeutic strategy employing ECM-mimetic hydrogel fillers for delivering NPC-derived exosomes to combat ferroptosis-induced IDD.

High luminescence dissymmetry in materials can be achieved through twisted stacking of achiral anisotropic layers. Here the authors use machine-learning techniques to predict this stacking and realize circularly-polarized-phosphorescence materials.

The authors present a chip-based plasmonic scattering microscope (Chip-PSM) for labelfree imaging of single nanoparticles over a large field-of-view, with isotropic point spread function and high spatial resolution. They demonstrate imaging of diverse nanoparticles, highlighting applications in biological, physical, environmental, and chemical sciences.

The combination of targeted therapeutic agents for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) salvage treatment has potential in clinics. Here this group conducts a single-arm, open-label, phase II trial assessing the combination therapy of regorafenib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and sintilimab (PD-1 targeting) as a safe and effective salvage-line treatment for mCRC patients who have progressed upon second-line treatment.

The efficiency of pure sulfide kesterite solar cells is limited by deep-level defects. Wu et al. develop a heat treatment in an oxygen-rich environment to suppress sulfur vacancies, achieving an 11.51% certified efficiency.

Black phosphorus mainly absorbs light in the visible to infrared range through interband transitions. Here, the authors show that through femtosecond ultraviolet excitation they can active a parity-forbidden dark exciton.

The inclusion of a Mg–Bi-based interlayer between the lithium metal and solid electrolyte and a F-rich interlayer on the cathode improves the stability and performance of solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

Bridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis is a long-term pursuit in the field of catalysis. Here, the authors present results on integration of nano- and molecular catalysis via catalytic synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon layers on AlO_x supported nano-Cu which can finely tune the catalytic performance of the supported copper catalyst.

To address the shortcomings in the application of bioactive peptides as drugs, incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) has been used. Here, the authors report an ionic compound-promoted C-N cleavage of alkyl pyridinium to generate alkyl radicals upon excitation by visible light, and apply it for deaminative hydroalkylation of alkenes to synthesise diverse β-alkyl substituted UAAs.

Locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive form of head and neck cancer with a poor prognosis. Here, the authors report the safety and efficacy of induction camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) and chemotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The development of 3d-metal-catalyzed β-C–H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles remains an elusive challenge. Here, the authors report a Ni-Al bimetal-catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H bond activation of formamides via 4-membered nickelacycles.

Genome analysis of the pico-eukaryotic marine green alga Prasinoderma coloniale CCMP 1413 unveils the existence of a novel phylum within green plants (Viridiplantae), the Prasinodermophyta, which diverged before the split of Chlorophyta and Streptophyta.

Fluorinated or fluoroalkylated allenes are versatile building blocks for medicinal and material chemistry. Here, the authors show a regioselective trifunctionalization of 1,3-enynes proceeding through double C-F bond formation and concomitant installation of a -NSO₂Ph group to the allene moiety.

C-N bond forming is an established strategy to form amines, which are quintessential in chemical synthesis and in nature. Here, the authors report three classes of photoredox reactions, involving C(sp³)-N coupling between N-centered radicals and alkyl radicals and C(sp³)- C(sp³) coupling via C(sp³)-H alkylation.

Biocrusts, covering much of Earth’s drylands, are crucial, yet endangered ecosystems. This study sequences the chromosome-level genomes of two biocrust algae, Bracteacoccus bullatus and B. minor, highlighting their evolutionary adaptations to the environmental stresses prevailing in biocrusts.

Multimodal optical-materials are highly desirable due to their advantages in enhancing information security, though independent modulation is challenging. Here, the authors report a method using coloration and switchable fluorescence for information encryption.

Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.

Asian soybean rust (ASR) is a devastating disease of soybean. Here, the author report the identification of an atypical pair of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) encoding genes and how they function together to confer broad-spectrum resistance to ASR.

Solid-state electrolyte reduction and Li dendrite growth limit the stability of all-solid-state Li metal batteries. Here the authors show that reductive electrophiles gain electrons and metal cations from metal–nucleophile materials on contact, allowing the electrochemical formation of a dense, electron-blocking film that improves the stability of both the anode and high-voltage cathode.

This Review introduces state-of-the-art vibrational microscopy for research in the life sciences and offers guidance for prospective users.

Nonlinear effects (NLEs) serve as a widespread tool in the study of asymmetric catalytic reactions; however, due to the diversity in ligand-metal coordination modes, the information obtained solely from the linear relationship between the ee values of ligands and products in complex systems is often indirect. Here, the authors report a method that directly connects the relationship between the ee values of metal complexes and products, with the purpose of determining the active species that occur in complex systems.

The carboazidation of olefins represents an effective strategy to introduce both carbon and nitrogen substituents into hydrocarbons, but asymmetric versions of this reaction remain elusive. Now, an iron-catalysed asymmetric radical carboazidation is introduced that yields chiral halogenated organoazides in high enantiomeric ratios.

The development of stable and efficient ligands is of vital significance to enhance the catalytic performance of carbonylation reactions of alkenes. Here, the authors develop an aryldiphosphine ligand, used in palladium-catalyzed regioselective carbonylation of alkenes, exhibiting high catalytic performance and strong oxygen-resistance stability.

Screening in Escherichia coli and biochemical experiments show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, OSCA2.1 and OSCA2.2 function as plant sensors of hypo-osmolarity, utilize Ca²⁺ oscillations as second messengers and have crucial roles in pollen germination.

The subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) maintains cleavage of early embryos. Here the authors identify 14-3-3 as a component of the SCMC and show that phosphorylation of TLE6 contributes to 14-3-3 recruitment and stabilization, ensuring mitotic entry in mouse zygotes.

The critical current density is generally used to evaluate dendrite-suppression capability in batteries. Here the authors propose a critical interphase overpotential descriptor for dendrite suppression and demonstrate high-performance solid-state battery design with the new descriptor.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.

Shortwave infrared photothermal microscopy enables chemical imaging at millimetre depths with a micrometre spatial resolution in tissue-mimicking phantoms, intact tumour spheroids and various biological tissues.

Batteries with solid polymer electrolytes face challenges in electrochemical stability and compatibility with high-voltage cathodes. Chunsheng Wang and colleagues have developed a polymer blend with a high Li salt concentration that enhances the stability of solid polymer electrolytes and achieves promising electrochemical performance in full-cell applications.

Detection of lung adenocarcinoma through serum sampling could be an alternative to CT scanning. Here, the authors use global metabolomics to create a 27 metabolite signature, which showed accuracy in detection in an external validation cohort.

TMPRSS2 and CTSL/CTSB, host proteases that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry, are promising drug targets. Here the authors simultaneously inhibit these host proteases and see synergistic antiviral effects, offering a broad-spectrum intervention against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

All-solid-state lithium-metal batteries are at the forefront of battery research and development. Here C. Wang and colleagues have developed an interlayer design strategy to address issues associated with lithium dendrite growth and interface resistance, resulting in substantial improvements in battery performance.

The study assembled a chromosome-level genome of Cycas panzhihuaensis, the last major lineage of seed plants for which a high-quality genome assembly was lacking. The study closes an important gap in our understanding of genome structure and evolution in seed plants.

A study sequenced and analysed two genomes of basal streptophyte algae that adapt to freshwater and subaerial/terrestrial environments, respectively, providing insights into plant terrestrialization, an important evolutionary transition in the history of life.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumour growth and metastasis by secreting signalling molecules. Jung and colleagues show that prostate cancer cells secrete CXC chemokine ligand 16, which recruits mesenchymal stem cells and converts them into cancer-associated fibroblasts.