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Single-cell sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity but is challenged by technical noise and batch effects. Here, authors present CellFM, an 800-million-parameter foundation model trained on 100 million human cells through the MindSpore framework, which outperforms existing models in downstream tasks.

This study shows how auditory cortex activation and cognitive function develop during a six-month follow-up after gene therapy in children with congenital deafness.

Achieving low charge overpotential in Li-O₂ batteries is critical yet highly challenging. Here, the authors report an orbital reconstruction strategy to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics by employing PdCo nanosheets, improving charge kinetics and energy conversion efficiency.

The synthesis of ¹⁸F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is difficult and typically requires anhydrous conditions. Here, the authors developed organophosphine precursors that allow for quick, high-yield synthesis of ¹⁸F-labeled probes in either organic solvents or aqueous media.

Nautilus, the sole surviving externally shelled cephalopod from the Palaeozoic, holds an important phylogenetic position to understand the evolution of cephalopods. A complete genome of Nautilus pompilius sheds light on the evolution of the pinhole eye and biomineralization.

Efficient base editors for direct thymine (T) editing are highly desirable. Here, authors develop two deaminase-free glycosylase-based base editors for direct T editing (gTBE) and C editing (gCBE) by rounds of structure-informed mutagenesis on human DNA glycosylase UNG and further engineering.

The authors encode qutrit contextual-Hamiltonian ground states into permutation-symmetric qubits with symmetry-preserving gates and use parameterized quantum circuits to variationally simulate their purified 3-site reduced states. They find that stronger contextuality reduces simulation cost, although all contextual states cost more than non-contextual ones.

Fuel cells rely on costly and scarce platinum-group metals to catalyse both anodic and cathodic reactions. Here a catalyst consisting of atomically dispersed iridium and phosphorus on carbon is presented, where adjacent iridium and phosphorus sites work as integrative catalytic pairs to synergically boost the performance for the hydrogen oxidation reaction.

Several engineered Cas13 variants achieve targeted RNA degradation with minimal collateral effects.

Comprehensive molecular characterisations could shed light on the high heterogeneity and poor prognosis of gliomas. Here, the authors perform proteomic profiling of 188 glioma patients, revealing immune and metabolic neuron-related subgroups as well as metabolic biomarkers linked to prognosis.

A base editor is engineered for A-to-T and A-to-C transversion editing.

Precise genome engineering of a handful of genes enables rapid domestication of wild tomato plants.

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporth oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases to threaten sustainable rice production. This study reveals that OsUBC45, encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, may be useful in improving disease resistance. Overexpression of OsUBC45 enhances resistance to both the blast disease and bacterial leaf blight, while also resulting in a significant increase in grain yield of over 10%.

The hearing-loss phenotype can be corrected via the injection, into the inner ear, of a base editor packaged in an adeno-associated virus, as shown in mice harbouring a mutation homozygous to human OTOF and in humanized mice with the human mutation.

The structure of TPP1's oligonucleotide binding fold contains features that are particularly characteristic of TEBPβ. When the POT1–TPP1 complex is bound to telomeric DNA, it does not inhibit telomerase activity, as other telomere binding proteins do. Instead, the presence of POT1–TPP1 unexpectedly stimulates telomerase activity and processivity.

Using a sample of more than 2,600 classical Cepheids with precise distances and ages, Huang et al. have discovered that the Milky Way’s disk warp undergoes retrograde precession, revealing the presence of a slightly oblate dark matter halo.

This study shows that by enhancing internal complexity of neurons in a Hodgkin–Huxley network, similar performance to larger, simpler networks can be achieved, suggesting an alternative path for powerful AI systems by focusing on neuron complexity.

Accurate perception of flight parameters is critical for flight control of micro air vehicles. Here, authors present a flexible calorimetric flow sensor with vanadium oxide thermistor arrays for flight parameters estimation, such as angle of attack and sideslip, flight velocity, and wing vibration.

Water electrolysis can produce clean hydrogen, but it is limited by the slow anodic oxygen evolution reaction. Now, a local electronic manipulation strategy for stabilizing high-valence Ru single site catalysts has been developed. The catalyst demonstrates efficient bifunctional activity for water electrolysis.

Bacteria can deliver toxic effector proteins into the cytosol of neighboring cells. Here, the authors show that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes an effector that modulates gene expression in neighboring cells of the same species and inhibits the growth of other competitors.

Stretchable electronics are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, but are challenging to prepare with suitable mechanical properties. Here, the authors report the use of a soft interlayer that allows the development of stretchable electronics with tissue-like material properties.

A trispecific antibody targeting HER2 and T cells stimulates CD4 T cell-dependent inhibition of of breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor regression in a humanized mouse model.

Alternative splicing at the Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule gene generates 38,016 isoforms, and underlies self-avoidance of growing neurons. Wang et al. identify a structure in the DSCAM mRNA that ensures mutually exclusive splicing and observe expansion of the structure with increasing number of exons during arthropod evolution.

A chromosome-scale de novo assembly of a yellow-seeded Brassica juncea genome and population analyses of 480 accessions from 38 countries provide insights into the origin, domestication history and morphological diversification of B. juncea.

Genome sequences of a deep-sea vent and a shallow-water mussel species are compared. The former has expanded gene families for protein stabilization and removal of toxic substances and has a more complex immune system.

FS8.1, a non-canonical GT-2 factor, controls the elongated fruit shape and crush resistance of processing tomatoes. This study provides a potential route to rapidly customize machine-harvestable fresh-market tomatoes without reducing quality values.

Wu et al. develop trispecific antibodies that recognize CD38, CD3 and CD28 and induce T cell activation and co-signaling. They show in mice and non-human primates that by engaging multiple targets, these antibodies induce enhanced tumor-cell killing.

Ultrafast water transport in the surface of Sarracenia trichome is reported and demonstrated in synthetic bioinspired materials, where nano- and microchannels induce high-speed sliding of droplets on top of a thin water film.

Lithium cobalt oxides are used as a cathode material in batteries for mobile devices, but their high theoretical capacity has not yet been realized. Here, the authors present a doping method to enhance diffusion of Li ions as well as to stabilize structures during cycling, leading to impressive electrochemical performance.

Phytophthora pathogens manipulate host plant immune responses by secreting effector proteins into plant cells. Here, Jing et al. show that the Phytophthora sojaeAvh262 effector negatively regulates plant resistance by binding to host BiP proteins and suppressing ER-stress induced cell death

This Review discusses the recent progress and future prospects of two-dimensional materials for next-generation nanoelectronics.

Using transcriptomic data from ~100,000 informative cells, this study constructed a dynamic cell atlas during the process of de-etiolation induced by light for Arabidopsis seedlings, revealing comprehensive development responses at single-cell resolution.