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Dysregulated R-loops can compromise genome stability, leading to pathological consequences. Li et al. demonstrate that R-loop-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activation orchestrates exonuclease 3′–5′ ___domain-containing 2-mediated R-loop resolution, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity.

Local structure control is challenging in high entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts. Here, the authors report finely tailoring the local clustering in HEA catalysts through rational composition design and sequential pulse annealing, achieving enhanced activity and stability for ethanol electrooxidation.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of nine tetraploid and two diploid wild Oryza species provide insights into genome evolution within the genus Oryza and the potential for crop improvement and neodomestication.

Analysis of 43,191 genomes obtained from publicly available marine bacterial and archaeal metagenome data provides insights into marine bacterial evolution, CRISPR–Cas defence and antibiotic resistance genes, and demonstrates the potential of marine metagenomes for biotechnological applications.

Reversed forks must be protected from uncontrolled nucleolytic degradation. Xie et al. reveal a collaborative defense mechanism orchestrated by Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding ___domain-containing protein 4 and the breast cancer susceptibility proteins (BRCA1/2)–DNA repair protein RAD51 pathway, which synergistically preserve the integrity of reversed forks.

This study traces a pathway for the natural formation of silver sulfide and silver wire through the coalescence of silver sulfide nanoparticles and solid-state silver ions aggregation that is responsible for high-grade silver deposits

Dysregulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) contributes to intestinal tumorigenesis. Here the authors report that excessive mtROS induces the release of mitochondrial PGAM5 into cytoplasm and subsequent dephosphorylation of MST3 kinase, promoting colorectal cancer progression.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer is promising, but delivery optimization is desirable. Here the authors generate cancer-targeting liposomes with anti-PD-L1 and doxorubicin for protease-mediated intratumoral release of both components, and see effective tumor control in mouse models, thereby hinting potential clinical translation.

Early prediction of Acute kidney injury (AKI) may be crucial for AKI prevention. Here the authors present a simple, real-time, interpretable, AKI prediction model for hospitalized patients, based on routinely collected electronic health records data.

Focused ultrasound could be used to change the geometry of implanted shape-memory medical devices noninvasively. Here, the authors demonstrate this concept on large animal models, showing device removal and trigger drug release.

Here, Li et al. report a two-component system, GrpP/GrpQ, which promotes UPEC pathogenicity. Mechanistically, GrpP/GrpQ directly activates type 1 fimbria expression to promote UPEC invasion in response to D-serine in the host urine.

Here, the authors present an expanded version of the Cultivated Genome Reference (CGR), termed CGR2, a catalog that includes 3324 high-quality draft genomes based on gut bacterial isolates from Chinese individuals, and classifies 527 species from 8 phyla, including 179 previously unidentified species, and provides information of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and gut phage-bacteria interactions.

The direct use of ammonia for asymmetric synthesis is highly sought after. Now, an efficient enantioselective carbene insertion into the N–H bond of ammonia has been developed, producing diverse valuable chiral α-amino acids.

Small cell cervical carcinoma (SCCC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Here, the authors report human papillomavirus features and genomic landscape in SCCC via high-throughput sequencing methods and identify MYC, SOX, NR4A, ANKRD and CEA family genes as HPV-integrated hotspots.

Oil reservoirs host diverse microbial communities affecting energy production and carbon emissions. Here, the authors use metagenomics data to construct and characterize a catalogue of viral and prokaryotic genomes from 182 oil reservoirs world-wide, and further validate an ecological role of viruses in regulating the community structure of sulfate reducing microorganisms.

Pan-genomes provide useful resources for evolutionary studies, functional genomics and breeding of cultivated plants. Here, the authors report a new rice pan-genome including 73 Asian rice and two wild relatives (Oryza rufipogon and O. punctata), and reveal the prevalence and scale of large inversions across the pan-genome.

The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 post a significant threat to public health. Here the authors show, by screening 23 viral proteins, that both structural and non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins are capable of modulating host innate immunity and type interferon responses, with this information serves to warrant further studies on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.

Radiative cooling can reduce air-conditioning requirements. In this study, the authors demonstrated an inexpensive thermal emitter that provided continuous daytime cooling up to 9 °C outdoors on a clear, sunny New York day.

Thrombosis and inflammation coexist in many diseases, however, there is lack of treatments targeting both pathologies. This study reports a novel antibody against blood factor XII, which bears a promise to treat broad thrombo-inflammatory disorder.

To successfully replicate and propagate, viruses hijack different components of the host cell machinery. Here, Zhou et al.identify the RNA-binding protein Fragile X mental retardation protein as a host factor involved in influenza A virus replication in host cells.

In this study, the authors isolated and characterized neutralizing antibodies from vaccinated individuals with SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 breakthrough infection and show that elite antibodies derived from specific germlines provide potent pan-variant neutralization capacity and in vivo protection.

Pt-based catalysts are the state of the art for the oxygen reduction reaction. Now the three-dimensional local atomic structure of PtNi and Mo-doped PtNi nanoparticles is revealed via atomic electron tomography, and a local environment descriptor of catalytic activity is put forwards.

Small molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) represent an alternative route for OSCs, but their efficiencies are lower than polymer-molecule blend based counterparts. Here Zhou et al. show high performance devices with 14% efficiency and feature hierarchical morphologies.

The mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in the iron-based materials remains not fully understood. Here, the authors report on ARPES measurements on an FeSe-based bulk superconductor, whose electronic properties are found to be similar to those of single-layer FeSe/STO films.

Measurement of the bound-state β⁻ decay of ²⁰⁵Tl⁸¹⁺ gives a new, longer half-life, allowing for the calculation of accurate stellar ²⁰⁵Pb yields and the isolation time of the early Solar System.

The molecular mechanisms underlying cervical carcinogenesis following integration of HPV DNA into the human genome remain elusive. Here, the authors perform long-read sequencing in 16 HPV16-positive cervical tumors and identify distinct integration types, structural variations and potential driver genes.

The three-dimensional coordinates of more than 23,000 atoms in an iron-platinum nanoparticle are determined with 22 picometre precision to correlate chemical order/disorder and crystal defects with magnetic properties.

Structures of the yeast replisome associated with the FACT complex and an evicted histone hexamer offer insights into the mechanism of replication-coupled histone recycling for maintaining epigenetic inheritance.

SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally. Here, the authors characterize the entry pathway of SARS-CoV-2, show that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is less stable than that of SARS-CoV, and show limited cross-neutralization activities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 sera.

Here the authors reveal the binding interface for the SARS-CoV-2 SL3 RNA element to human TIA1 protein and find that disruptions of the identified viral RNA-host protein interactions with designed ASOs reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells.

Accurate flight trajectory prediction can be a challenging task in air traffic control, especially for maneuver operations. Here, authors develop a time-frequency analysis based on an encoder-decoder neural architecture to estimate wavelet components and model global flight trends and local motion details.

Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are typically induced by metal species or chemotherapeutic drugs, and able to boost a robust antitumor immunity, however their therapeutic uses have been hindered by the risks arising from metal species or chemotherapeutic drugs. Here the authors report a pyroptosis and ferroptosis dual-inducer based on non-metallic AIEgen-based covalent organic frameworks.

Secondary structures and long-range RNA interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome have been investigated by various sequencing methods. Here the authors use an RNA-RNA hybrid sequencing method to predict the secondary and tertiary structure of the SRAS-CoV-2 RNA genome in the virion.

Long-term stability of organic solar cells is critical to promote practical applications. Here, the authors utilize iridium/iridium oxide nanoparticles as the electron-transporting material and realize enhanced device stabilities under thermal aging with T70 of over 10000 h.

Atomic electron tomography is used to determine the 3D atomic positions and chemical species of medium- and high-entropy alloy nanoparticles and quantitatively characterize the local lattice distortion, strain tensor, twin boundaries, dislocation cores and chemical short-range order.

Here the authors report a near-infrared K₃LuSi₂O₇:Eu²⁺ phosphor for non-visible light source application. The selective site occupation of Eu²⁺ in LuO₆ and K2O₆ polyhedrons is found to be responsible for the light emission and these insights could serve as design principles for discovery and design of such phosphors.

Qudit-based quantum devices can outperform qubit-based ones, but a programmable qudit-based quantum computing device is still missing. Here, the authors fill this gap using a programmable silicon photonic chip employing ququart-based encoding, showing the scaling advantages compared to the qubit counterpart.

High-performance organic solar cells call for novel designs of acceptor molecules. Here, He et al. design and synthesize a non-fullerene acceptor with an asymmetric structure for diverse donor:acceptor interfacial conformations and report a certificated power conversion efficiency of 18.2%.

Yang and colleagues report that the LINK-A lncRNA binds to the PIP₃ phospholipid, leading to enhanced AKT signalling, tumorigenesis and resistance to AKT inhibitors.

The performance of ternary organic solar cells is limited by voltage losses. Using the detailed balance principle, Wang et al. show how the third component of the blend affects the open-circuit voltage and delineate molecular design rules.