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Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

The authors study the layered superconductor AuSn₄ (T_c = 2.4 K) and reveal a two-fold symmetric angular dependence, consistent with unconventional pairing. They argue that the two-fold symmetry results from the Rashba-driven mixture of p-wave surface and s-wave bulk contributions.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

The concept of neuromorphic completeness and a system hierarchy for neuromorphic computing are presented, which could improve programming-language portability, hardware completeness and compilation feasibility of brain-inspired computing systems

Phosphoantigen-mediated BTN2A1 association drives BTN3A1 intracellular fluctuations outwards in a thermodynamically favourable manner, thereby enabling BTN3A1 to push off from the BTN2A1 ectodomain to initiate T cell receptor–mediated γδ T cell activation.

Interim analysis from the randomized phase 3 JUPITER-02 trial shows that the addition of anti-PD-1 toripalimab to standard gemcitabine/cisplatin as a first-line treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma has manageable toxicity and improves progression-free survival, suggesting a potential new treatment standard in this setting.

The gut microbiome affects systemic metabolism and is a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Here the authors demonstrate in a randomized controlled trial that effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid known to lower blood glucose, may be explained by the inhibition of Ruminococcus bromii mediated biotransformation of the bile acid deoxycholic acid.

Genomic, transcriptomic and DNA methylation data from tissue samples from 208 Chinese patients with prostate cancer define the landscape of alterations in this population, and comparison with data from Western cohorts suggests that the disease may stratify into different molecular subtypes.

Arterial degeneration, closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, is driven by aging-related vascular cell-specific transcriptomics changes. This study provides a single-cell transcriptomic atlas for senile aortic and coronary arteries and underscores FOXO3A-based the transcriptional network in vasoprotection during aging.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

NMR and in vitro reconstitution indicate that GPCRs signal through SH3-containing proteins downstream of β-arrestin 1 proline regions and that arrestin allosterically activates downstream kinases by disrupting their autoinhibitory conformation.

Voltage-gated sodium channels function as multiprotein signaling complexes. Here, authors show that the dispanin TMEM233 is essential for activity of stinging nettle toxins and that co-expression of TMEM233 modulates the gating properties of Na_V1.7.

There is growing interest in designing photocatalysts for CO₂ conversion. Here, the authors combine an ionic liquid with Co single atoms as dual-cocatalysts for g-C₃N₄, accelerating electron kinetics and improving CO₂ reduction selectivity.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides with peculiar spin–orbit coupling may lead to exotic phenomena. Here, the authors report a large in-plane upper critical field with a two-fold symmetry, suggesting a novel asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in few-layer 1T_d-MoTe₂.

Rice coordinates recruitment of the root microbiota to optimize nitrogen acquisition from soil.

The genetic basis of prolactinomas remains poorly understood. Here, the authors find a recurrent hotspot somatic mutation in the splicing factor 3 subunit B1 (SF3B1^R625H) in prolactinomas, and show that this mutation causes aberrant splicing of ESRRG mRNA leading to up-regulation of prolactin.

Measuring reproductive aging in humans remains challenging. In this Perspective, Wang et al. summarize biomarkers for reproductive aging in clinical use, discuss age-linked molecular changes related to reproductive aging that could potentially serve as future biomarkers and highlight unresolved challenges and upcoming opportunities in the field.

Wang et al. generate a single nucleus-resolved transcriptomic atlas of primate adrenal aging, with which they demonstrate regional changes in adrenal aging, and establish the role of LDLR in impeding cholesterol uptake and DHEA-S production in aging.

Investigation of neural cells from post-mortem human brains and differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells shows that the LRRK2 mutation (G2019S) associated with familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease correlates with abnormalities at the nuclear envelope.

Insufficient imaging sensitivity can make it challenging to assess early stage tumour lesions in vivo. Here, the authors present the radiopharmaceutical-excited fluorescence imaging technique that can detect tumour lesions less than 2 mm in size in living mice.

Mild cold exposure activates a substantial amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in a patient with cancer, reducing tumour-associated glucose uptake, and activation of BAT in mice inhibits the growth of tumours by decreasing blood glucose and impeding glycolysis-based metabolism in cancer cells.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

The metavirome of 31 tick species sheds light on the diversity and distinct evolution of tick-associated RNA viruses, and lays the foundation for better understanding of tick–virus interaction.

Colloidal quantum dot photodetectors can be integrated with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor readout integrated circuits, resulting in low-cost, high-resolution infrared imagers.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipoprotein particle component and is genetically linked to human longevity and Alzheimer’s disease; however, the mechanisms that link APOE and aging are incompletely understood. Here, Zhao et al. show that APOE drives cellular senescence in aged human mesenchymal progenitor cells by destabilizing heterochromatin.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is caused by mutations in WASP, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Here the authors reveal that WASP deficiency results in aberrant RNA splicing, and that WASP regulates the transcription of splicing factor genes and co-transcriptional RNA splicing via a phase-separation process that involves splicing factors and nascent RNA.

In the paper, Dr. Wang et al reported a cryo-EM structure of the human leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) in complex with its native ligand leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in an active conformation complexed with Gi protein. The structure reveals the molecule determinant of LTB4 binding and the mechanism of receptor activation. These structural information will boost the understanding of LTB4-BLT1 signaling and provide a rational basis for designing novel anti-leukotriene drugs.

Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to suffer from more severe COVID-19. Tong et al. identify a glucose-like metabolite that is reduced in patients with diabetes and has the ability to prevent cellular infection by SARS-CoV-2

The authors report on the structure of a glucocorticoid-bound adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor–G protein complex.

Evolution of accretion disk and corona during outbursts in black hole binary systems is still unclear. Here, the authors show spectral analysis of MAXI J1820+070 and propose a scenario of a dynamical corona to explain the evolution of the reflection fraction observed by Insight-HXMT.

Characterization of dynamic conformational changes in membrane protein complexes by NMR spectroscopy remains challenging. Here authors report the site-specific incorporation of 4-trimethylsilyl phenylalanine (TMSiPhe) into proteins, which enabled the characterization of multiple conformational states of a phospho-β2 adrenergic receptor/β-arrestin-1 complex in response to different receptor ligands.

The climate impact of water-table drawdown in peatlands is unclear as carbon dioxide emissions increase and methane emissions decrease due to drying. This study shows decreasing water-table depth results in net greenhouse gas emissions from global peatlands, despite reducing methane emissions.

Accumulated HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) limits the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins via a feedback loop. Here the authors developed a compound that degrades HMGCR, thus decreasing cholesterol levels and reducing atherosclerotic plaques.

Pei et al. show that rhythmic redox signalling controls CLOCK through endogenous H₂O₂ oscillations via reversible oxidative modifications, and that p66^Shc modulates the rhythm of H₂O₂ levels.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of intestinal mesenchyme identified a population of fibroblasts that produce prostaglandin E₂, which, when disrupted, prevented initiation of intestinal tumours.

DGCR8 is a component of the canonical microprocessor complex for microRNA biogenesis. Here the authors implicate DGCR8 in heterochromatin maintenance and aging attenuation independent of its miRNA-processing activity through Lamin B1, KAP1 and HP1 interaction. DGCR8 overexpression can alleviate aging and senescence

Modulation of exposed crystal facets enhances transferrin binding to chalcogenide nanocrystals and their subsequent delivery into cancer cells. Facet-dependent protein binding occurs through inner-sphere thiol complexation and is affected by the structure of the first solvation shell.