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Xiangdong Fu and colleagues report characterization of a major rice grain yield QTL at the DEP1 locus.

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) interconvert hydrogen and electricity and therefore have potential as long-duration energy storage systems, but the durability of these devices under industrially relevant conditions is limited. Here the authors report a PCEC that maintains low degradation rates throughout exceptionally long-term durability tests.

The use of antimicrobial agents can exacerbate the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance genes, which can put public health at risk; evaluating this risk requires proper monitoring. An extensive investigation of Australian wastewater reveals a distinct correlation between the type of antimicrobial used and the socioeconomic status of the population.

Limited improvement of systemic therapy has been achieved in first line treatment for advanced Biliary tract cancer (BTC). In this randomized phase 2 trial on BTC, the combination of sintilimab, anlotinib, and gemcitabine/cisplatin demonstrated an improvement in progression - free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) while reducing the risk of disease progression compared to chemotherapy monotherapy.

Anode-free lithium batteries are hindered by lithium inventory loss from parasitic interfacial reactions, cathode degradation, and limited Li⁺ reversibility. Here, authors propose a prelithiation separator engineering to enable multiscale interfacial stabilization in Ah-class anode-free pouch cells.

Doping of Nb₂O₅ materials without phase changes has been proven difficult, with successful doping depending on different factors such as ionic radius similarity. In this work, the authors introduce a high-entropy-doping approach to Nb₂O₅ without phase change with rapid-charging capabilities as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries.

Complicated and labor-intensive processes for sulfur host materials fabrication hinder their practical production for lithium-sulfur batteries. Here, authors propose a single-step laser printing strategy to directly print the integrated sulfur cathodes with high performance in both coin and pouch cells.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

A digital pathology tool for the autonomous detection of AI hallucinations in virtually stained images does not require histochemical staining.

Qifa Zhang and colleagues report the map-based cloning of the quantitative trait locus GS5, which regulates grain size and yield in rice. GS5 encodes a putative serine carboxypeptidase and increased expression is associated with larger grain.

Operation of lithium–sulphur batteries suffers from uncontrolled lithium polysulphide formation and corrosion at the anode. Huang et al.design an integrated anode structure composed of electrically connected graphite and lithium metal, which alleviates the problems and leads to high battery performance.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

In a reverse-translational study followed by a clinical trial, the targeting of antigen-presenting mast cells was identified as a therapeutic approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who experienced clinical benefit when treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn.

ELD1, a CCHC-type zinc finger protein, is found to modulate alternative splicing of the core oscillator gene OsCCA1 and thereby regulate photoperiodic flowering in rice. This reveals additional links between light signaling and the circadian clock.

An RNA codon-expansion strategy enables incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins of interest orthogonally to existing methods by inserting pseudouridine codons into specific mRNA transcripts and using an engineered decoder tRNA.

The decades-old limit on how long human embryos can be grown in culture is under debate. A new road map outlines how to extend the length of culture responsibly.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Understanding the ubiquitous cation specificity in electrocatalysis is of great fundamental and technical significance. Here, the authors report atomic-scale evidence showing that the kinetic cation effect in alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis is related to proton transfer in the electric double-layer.

Mitophagy is crucial for mitochondrial function and is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors introduce an AI-assisted fluorescence microscopy system to track mitophagic intermediates in live cells and identify Y040-7904, a potential modulator that enhances mitophagy and reduces amyloid-β pathologies.

The mechanism of O₂ reduction in aprotic solvents is important for the operation of Li–O₂ batteries but is not well understood. A single unified mechanism is now described that regards previous models as limiting cases. It shows that the solubility of the intermediate LiO₂ is a critical factor that dictates the mechanism, emphasizing the importance of the solvent.

In this work, authors design novel protein condensation inhibitors (PCIs) targeting an allosteric site of cGAS, blocking DNA interactions and phase separation to suppress immune activation, and demonstrate therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease models.

The efficacy of anticancer gene therapy varies by the delivery efficiency of the mRNA cargo as well as their injection method. Here this group reports using LNP-delivered mRNA encoding 3 C protease treated on three different types of solid tumor models showing effective tumor growth inhibition, with three different injection methods, respectively.

Here, the authors show that mechanical loading promotes subchondral bone osteocytes to secrete extracellular vesicles containing miR-23b-3p, which accelerates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting mitophagy and disrupting cartilage metabolism.

Kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. Cao et al. perform a cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of the condition, identifying risk loci and potential causal variants, and construct a cross-population polygenic risk score.

Utilizing the immense osmotic energy in membrane separation processes enables spontaneous lithium extraction while generating net energy, offering a promising method for carbon-negative resource recovery.

2D hexagonal boron arsenide (h-BAs) is predicted to show interesting electronic and thermal properties, but its synthesis has so far remained elusive. Here, the authors report a method to synthesize 2D crystalline h-BAs nanosheets, showing their application for the realization of rigid and flexible low-power memristors.

High-quality genome of the modern soybean cultivar Nongdadou2 and deep resequencing of 547 accessions provide insights into the role of structural variations in soybean improvement.

Charging at high voltages in principle makes batteries energy dense, but this is often achieved at the cost of the cycling stability. Here the authors design a sulfonamide-based electrolyte to enable a Li metal battery with a state-of-the-art cathode at an ultra-high voltage of 4.7 V while maintaining cyclability.

This Review establishes a comprehensive set of permeance–selectivity relationships for thin-film composite membranes on the removal and fractionation of different solutes and provides valuable strategies for enhancing the performance of membrane systems through both material-level and system-level optimizations.

The germline is established during embryogenesis when primordial germ cells are first specified. Here they show that the RNA-binding proteins DND1 and NANOS3 function together to repress the translation of SOX4, restricting the germ cell lineage specification during embryonic development.

Zhang et al. present a universal method for growing 2D perovskite nanowires, which exhibits 1D anisotropic growth driven by directional noncovalent intermolecular interactions among organic spacer cations. Both weak and strong exciton-photon coupling in 2D perovskite nanowires are achieved.

Akkermansia muciniphila can promote intestinal pathogen infection in mice via microbial metabolite succinate production, but the expansion of A. muciniphila is strictly controlled by ILC3s through the regulation of intestinal galactosylation.

Solid-state optical beam steering is crucial for a wide array of optical technologies. Here, the authors present a chip-scale multi-beam steering system using an acousto-optic array. Each beam is individually controllable, enabling simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams to multiple receivers for advanced free-space optical communication.

Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN is often observed during endometrial cancer (EC) progression. Here the authors show that the deacetylase SIRT7 mediates PTEN deacetylation in an estrogen-dependent manner, leading to increased ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN to promote EC metastasis.