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Genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 bc and ad 1000 and from 46 present-day groups provide insights into the histories of mixture and migration of human populations in East Asia.

S-nitrosylation can influence many pathophysiological processes. Here the authors show that the coupling efficiency of GNAI2 with CXCR5 is enhanced by S-nitrosylation of GNAI2, leading to Hippo-YAP dysfunction in endothelium, and plays a role in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis.

UDA-seq incorporates a post-indexing step to enhance the throughput of droplet-based single-cell multimodal sequencing, enabling efficient large-scale single-cell analysis.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

The high non-radiative energy loss is a bottleneck issue for efficient organic solar cells. Here, the authors regulate the charge transfer state disorder and rate of back charge transfer through a ternary system, achieving low non-radiative energy loss of 0.183 eV and device efficiency of 20.25%.

Using ethnically and geographically diverse metagenomic data, the authors identify microbiota alterations associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They discover universal IBD-associated bacteria, which serve as the basis for a multibacteria biomarker panel that could support a noninvasive tool for IBD diagnosis.

Unlike solution switching in conventional electrosorption, electrochemical ion pumping achieves ion separation via circuit switching, enabling pseudo-continuous desalination with a unidirectional ion flux and a very high frequency of charging and discharging.

A surface charge visualization and standardized quantification method and surface charge tuning is achieved for triboelectric materials, delivering essential tools for contact electrification and high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators.

A ketogenic diet can reduce calorie absorption and protect against obesity by inducing changes to the gut microbiota and the bile acid pool.

The chemical synthesis of jasmonates is typically low yielding and can be laborious, whereas their extraction can be costly or environmentally hazardous. Now a de novo biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and its derivatives, methyl jasmonate and jasmonoyl isoleucine, is reported, using an engineered baker’s yeast.

A deep learning framework (NMRNet) is developed to model atomic environments for predicting NMR chemical shifts. A benchmark dataset, nmrshiftdb2-2024, is also established to provide a standardized source for evaluating NMR models.

The proposed edge detection based on ferroelectric field effect transistor does not rely on conventional convolution operation, realizing no-accuracy-loss, low-power (~10 fJ/per operation) and analogue-to-digital converter (ADC)-free edge computing.

It is unclear how often genetic mosaicism of chromosome X arises. Here, the authors examine women with cancer and cancer-free controls and show that X chromosome mosaicism occurs more frequently than on autosomes, especially on the inactive X chromosome, but is not linked to non-haematologic cancer risk

Electroreduction of nitrate or nitrite offers an appealing route for hydroxylamine synthesis but remains challenging due to its intermediate nature. Here, authors present a selective and fast electrosynthesis of hydroxylamine by tuning metal phthalocyanine activity and removing side reaction sites.

A Li⁺-assisted liquid-phase reduction method is reported, which converts crystalline metal oxides into amorphous metal oxides. The electrostatic interaction between the naphthalene radical anions and Li⁺-inserted metal oxides is found to promote the amorphization process.

Whether and how chronic stress, often experienced by patients with chronic liver disease, affects liver regeneration remains mysterious. Here, authors show a “brain-to-liver” neural connection that mediates chronic stress-evoked deficits in liver regeneration.

Elevated arsenic is found to enhance plant nitrogen acquisition and plant growth of the arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittate. Multi-omics analysis reveals the interaction between root metabolites and key diazotrophs underlying this effect.

This analysis provides a collection of sequencing datasets generated from long-read and short-read RNA sequencing, serving as a valuable resource for transcriptome profiling.

The formation of dislocations upon slip–slide events in organic crystals has been revealed by advanced electron microscopy and data-mining techniques.

Influenza virus infection is a global health threat and vaccines are required that show broad protection against a range of viral subtypes. Here the authors present a universal influenza vaccine based on Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 that activates innate and adaptive humoral and mucosal immunity, providing both immediate and long-term protection against influenza A virus infection in a murine model.

Diamondoids are a series of hydrogen-terminated nanometer-sized hydrocarbons that can be used to synthesize high-quality diamond crystals. Here, the authors use Monte Carlo simulations to study the potentials of different diamondoids in constructing diamond crystals with the assumption that the carbon skeletons keep intact, and find that higher diamondoid molecules are most suitable.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

A preference-independent saliency map is discovered in the mouse superior colliculus, shedding light on neural mechanisms underlying saliency computation and visual attention.

The stochastic features of memristors make them suitable for computation and probabilistic sampling; however, implementing these properties in hardware is extremely challenging. Lin et al. introduce an approach that leverages the cycle-to-cycle read variability of memristors as a physical random variable for in situ, real-time random number generation, and demonstrate it on a risk-sensitive reinforcement learning task.

Spatially resolved images of M87 obtained at a wavelength of 3.5 mm in 2018 show a ring-like accretion structure, the inner (outer) edge of which connects the black hole (jet).

Denervation leads to muscle atrophy and neuromuscular endplate remodeling. Here, the authors show that a balanced activation of mTORC1 contributes to the dynamic regulation of autophagic flux in denervated muscle and that activation of PKB/Akt promotes the nuclear import of HDAC4, which is essential for endplate maintenance upon nerve injury

Dehydrogenative alkenylation of C-H bonds is an atom-economical approach to prepare more complex olefins. Here, the authors use a combination of decatungstate and a cobaloxime catalyst for the photocatalytic dehydrogenative alkenylation of alkanes and aliphatic aldehydes with aryl alkenes.

This study introduces an in-memory deep Bayesian active learning framework that uses the stochastic properties of memristors for in situ probabilistic computations. This framework can greatly improve the efficiency and speed of artificial intelligence learning tasks, as demonstrated with a robot skill-learning task.

This study reveals that the interaction between antiferromagnetic magnetic moments and electron spin causes disordered carriers to hop between localized states, resulting in a nonlinear increase in the terahertz responsivity as temperature decreases.

By performing calcium imaging on head-fixed mice throughout learning, Lin and Zhou demonstrate that hippocampal and orbitofrontal neurons uniquely and complementarily encode different aspects of learned associations between environmental stimuli.

A pH-responsive DNA origami device displays a precise geometric array of CD95 ligands to selectively induce activated immune cell death and elicit localized immune tolerance to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis.

CeO₂-supported Pt single atoms with different coordination environments exhibit distinct behaviors in reactant adsorption/activation and product desorption, thus showing different catalytic performance for various catalytic oxidation reactions.

The magnetic anisotropy of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe₅GeTe₂ can be continuously tuned—from an initial out-of-plane orientation to a canted orientation and then finally to an in-plane orientation—using electrical gating.

In this study, authors identified neutralizing antibodies by isolating B cells from SARS-CoV-2 Delta infected patients and detect altered structural features, likely introduced by somatic hypermutation, that are involved in epitope binding and increase neutralization breadth against virus variants.

In the NATION-1907 trial, treatment of patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with the anti-PD-L1 agent adebrelimab was safe and showed preliminary overall survival efficacy, with responders exhibiting an immune-enriched tumor microenvironment phenotype at baseline.

Quantum repeaters are critical components for distributing entanglement over long distances, and they can be improved by the elimination of multi-photon-pair events. Here, the authors demonstrate the storage of single photons emitted by a quantum dot in a polarization maintaining solid-state memory.

The kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with high vitamin C content. Here, the authors report the draft genome sequence of a heterozygous kiwifruit and through comparative genomic analysis provide valuable insight into kiwifruit evolution.

Responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in different populations are important to define efficacy. Here the authors show using a cohort in Singapore that two doses of mRNA vaccine is less effective in recipients over 60 years of age and that a further dose of vaccine can improve these antibody levels.