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The neurotransmitter serotonin regulates cancer through receptor-signaling activation, but also epigenetics mechanisms by serotonylation. Here, the authors show that histone serotonylation promotes pancreatic cancer progression by upregulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which remodels lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential target for therapy.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

Cancer cells exploit altered metabolic pathways to dynamically regulate epigenetic methylations. Here, the authors show the canonical metabolic and nonmetabolic functions of PRPS2 in enhancing ATP utilization and SAM biosynthesis, promoting RNA m⁶A methylation for lung tumorigenesis and metastasis.

A mechanism is uncovered that results in fetal hepatocytes having a paracrine role in providing genome protection to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

A clinical study of women with abnormal breast mammograms establishes a workflow to evaluate the capability of breast photoacoustic computed tomography in the classification, monitoring and segmentation of lesions.

White-light emission from materials and devices usually occurs omni-directional through space. Here, the authors show that sintering carbon dots with TiO₂ forms a microlens-shape surface that enables directional emission with 1/60 solid angle.

Acetylation is a posttranscriptional modification widely distributed across RNA types. Here, the authors uncover the role of tRNA ac⁴C12 for translational efficiency and tRNA quality control in both normal and heat stress conditions in mammalian cells.

Unravelling the momentum transfer and partition between photoelectrons and ions is a fundamental problem of light-atom interaction. Here, the authors investigate above threshold ionisation at arbitrary photon numbers, filling a gap between the single-and multi-photon limits and showing that each photon transfers twice its momentum to the photoelectron in the latter case.

Li et al. uncover a lysosomal surveillance response whereby intestinal lumen deacidification induces a transcriptional programme that boosts lysosomal activity and improves protein aggregate clearance in multiple worm disease models, extending healthspan.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Lactate released by tumor cells has been shown to inhibit antitumor NK cell responses. Here the authors show a mechanism for this effect in which lactate drives lysine lactylation of NK cells. A combination treatment also limits this lactylation to prevent NK cell dysfunction, thereby restoring antitumor immunity.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Metabolic processes lead to the production of bioactive gases, such as nitric oxide, which may play roles in the gut immune homeostasis. Here authors show that genomic deletion of Nos2 in mice aggravates colitis in experimental models via an Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Receptor-mediated pathway in type 3 innate lymphoid cells.

The development of imaging agents capable of clearly defining tumor margins is essential for GBM intraoperative navigation. Here this group identifies GCN5 as a promising molecular target for GBM imaging therefore designs a dual mode nanoprobe for BBB crossing and in vivo visualization of typical GBM tumor boundaries.

Lan et al. demonstrate the high performance of plasma p-tau217 in detecting and tracking multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, outperforming other plasma tau biomarkers across two Chinese cohorts (GHABS and Huashan) and the North American ADNI cohort.

Schizophrenia exhibits significant variability in brain structures, traditionally viewed as static due to heterogeneous subgroups. Here the authors use magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,792 individuals with schizophrenia to reveal that gray matter volume variability is greater in early stages and decreases over time, highlighting dynamic brain alterations with implications for understanding disease progression.

Zhang, Peng, and colleagues benchmark metabolic RNA labelling chemistries for time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing, improving in vivo detection of newly synthesized RNA during zebrafish embryogenesis.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

Hemostatic failure and the risk of rebleeding present significant challenges. Here, Chen et al. design a covalently reactive hemostat based on blood-imbibing and -crosslinking microparticles, achieving rapid hemostasis and preventing rebleeding.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

Targeted multielement substitution of a lead-free relaxor ferroelectric perovskite distorts the lattice structure and induces strong polar disorder, leading to high-polar-entropy ferroelectric oxides with a high electrocaloric effect and long lifetime.

Treating myocardial reperfusion injury via nanotherapy is challenging due to clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here, the authors target the spleen to reduce acute heart injury and improve long-term cardiac function via transient IRF7 inhibition.

Zhang et al. present a differentiable-physics simulation approach that enables autonomous aerial robot swarms to navigate complex environments. High-speed navigation and robust performance in both multi-agent and single-agent scenarios are demonstrated with low-cost hardware platforms.

The hetero-Diels–Alder reaction is a powerful strategy for constructing six-membered heterocycles, yet natural enzymatic hetero-Diels–Alder reactions are limited to a single heteroatom. Now a bifunctional enzyme, Abx₍₋₎F, is found to catalyse the dehydration and a dual-oxa Diels–Alder reaction to form the oxygen-bridged tricyclic acetal of (−)-anthrabenzoxocinones.

In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, the authors examine whether the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and exposure–response prevention (ERP) is more effective than ERP alone at improving OCD symptoms.

Although Cas12f proteins benefit from compact size for delivery, their gene-editing activity remains limited. By adding an N-terminal α-helix to Cas12f, we created hpCasMINI, hpOsCas12f1, and hpAsCas12f1 variants that show improved gene activation and DNA cleavage in mammalian cells and mice.

Allergic asthma is episodic and associated with seasonal changes which may have links with UV exposure levels. Here the authors propose a link between UVB exposure and ILC2 function through α-MSH released from the pituitary gland which accumulates in the serum and alters ILC2 function through the MC5R receptor.

In this study, multiple μ-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy is used to determine blood glucose levels noninvasively in humans, achieving comparatively high accuracy in a clinical setting.

The direct electro-reduction of diluted CO₂ in acidic media can circumvent CO₂ purification and reduce carbon loss. Here, the authors use an ionomer coating layer to enrich the diluted CO₂ and block proton transport, thereby achieving high carbon utilization in diluted CO₂ in an acidic electrolyte.

In this work, authors convert fallen leaves into energy harvesters using hygroscopic iron hydrogel, achieving continuous power generation from moisture. The device delivers high current density and power output with potential for lower environmental impact compared to alternative harvesters.

The development of artificial vision for blind people has been a long-standing endeavour. Tang et al. create a wearable multimodal visual assistance system with a human-centred design, blending software and hardware innovations to enhance usability.

By inducible and constitutive overexpressing ClpD-GFP to result in the accumulation of precursor proteins, this study presents comprehensive mechanistic insights in cellular responses to chloroplast precursor protein overaccumulation stress (cPOS).

Tao et al. show that epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor activation enhances thymidine kinase 1 expression through ERK phosphorylation and deubiquitylation mediated by ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 9X, thus enhancing enzyme activity-dependent DNA synthesis and enzyme activity-independent glycolysis.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Current noble metal catalysts enable efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolysis but suffer from instability. Here, the authors report an agglomeration and smelting strategy to create ruthenium-based nanoarray catalysts, enabling water electrolysis for over 500 hours at 1 A cm⁻².

Clinical trials of CD47 blocking antibody in human cancer patients have not yielded ideal results. Here the authors show that USP2 stabilizes CD47 through deubiquitination, whereas USP2 inhibition enhances macrophage phagocytosis, reprograms tumor microenvironment and synergizes with anti-PD-1 treatment.

A nanofluidic intracellular delivery (NanoFLUID) patch provides a versatile, biocompatible and efficient method for the targeted delivery of payloads to internal organs for therapeutic purposes and for biomolecular investigations.

Cochlear implantation requires highly accurate multi-axis force sensing in the constrained operating environment. Here, the authors present a multi-axis pneumatic forceps capable of independent rotations and translations, enhancing operation precision and stability during robotic microsurgery.