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Caloric restriction promotes healthy aging, but dietary alternatives are needed. Here, the authors show that a high-fiber diet mimics caloric restriction’s benefits in mice, improving metabolism, cognition, and aging markers without reducing food intake.

This study uses deep learning and gaze-tracking to track pathologists' work and learn how they review tissue images. This “learned expertise” was applied to guide artificial intelligence models, such as weakly supervised learning and reinforcement learning, to achieve accurate diagnosis of Whole Slide Images.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

China is planning to launch its Tianwen-3 mission, with the purpose of bringing back a sample from Mars, by the end of the decade. This Perspective presents the scientific objectives and architecture of Tianwen-3, including a preliminary selection of landing sites and a description of the Mars Sample Laboratory that will curate the material on Earth.

Infrared (IR)-transparent textiles are promising for thermal management systems, but fabrication from traditional textile methods remains challenging. Here, the authors propose a drawing process for Nylon 6 with high IR-transmittance and temperature reduction.

Linear scaling relationships often hinder the optimization of heterogeneous catalysts. Now, an intermediate spillover strategy is put forward by designing bi-component catalysts, thereby decoupling elementary electron-transfer steps and circumventing linear scaling relationships.

Modules of foldable crystalline silicon solar cells retain their power-conversion efficiency after being subjected to bending stress or exposure to air-flow simulations of a violent storm.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

Membrane reactors are efficient alternatives to traditional bath process, yet their limited diversity challenges their applicability to various reaction requirements. Here, the authors report covalent organic framework membrane reactors applied to the Knoevenagel condensation with enhanced performance as compared to homogeneous catalysts.

Here, the authors show a causal role for gut bacteria-derived metabolites tryptamine and phenethylamine in contributing to insulin resistance and the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Epigenetic reprogramming involves global loss of DNA methylation, but how this is regulated is not completely understood. Here, Tan et al. run a reverse genetic screen and report that nuclear DNMT1 is finetuned by maternal factor Pramel15 through proteasomal degradation in mouse zygotes.

Structural colours are of broad interest in recent years, yet the conventional nanofabrication techniques fail to match the requirement for large-scale manufacturing. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of pulsed lasers to write structural colours with widegamut, high-resolution, high-speed while low-cost manufacturability, long-term stability, and viewing-angle independence.

The biosynthesis of xanthones has not been well documented. Here, the authors report that monooxygenase FlsO1 catalyzes three successive oxidations – hydroxylation, epoxidation and Baeyer–Villiger oxidation—to form the xanthone scaffold in actinomycetes.

Multi-animal behaviour quantification is pivotal for deciphering animal social behaviours and has broad applications in neuroscience and ecology. Han and colleagues develop a few-shot learning framework for multi-animal 3D pose estimation, identity recognition and social behaviour classification.

Synthetic biology applications require finely tuned gene expression, often mediated by synthetic transcription factors. Here the authors validate two plant-derived proteins, FHY1 and FHL, acting as transactivators in mammalian cells for orthogonal, modular, and tunable control of gene transcription by forming a photosensing transcriptional regulation complex with PhyA.

Photothermal catalysis, which converts photons into heat to drive catalytic reactions, is a highly promising approach. Here, the authors demonstrate an optically selective catalyst based on a Ti₃C₂T_x Janus design which minimizes thermal emission, maximizes solar absorption, and maintains good catalytic activity, resulting in excellent photothermal catalytic performance.

The ability of animals to respond to life-threatening stimuli is critical for survival, yet the neural circuits mediating innate defensive behaviors are not well understood. Here, the authors reveal a novel collicular–thalamic–amygdala circuit critical for innate defensive responses to visual threats.

Cancer cells can employ aberrant glycosylation patterns to evade the host immune response. Here the authors report that inhibition of branched N-glycans sensitizes homologous recombination (HR)-proficient, but not HR-deficient, epithelial ovarian cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Single-crystal black phosphorus nanoribbons are grown uniformly on insulating substrates by chemical vapour transport growth with black phosphorus nanoparticles as seeds, demonstrating potential for application in nanoelectronic devices and the exploration of the exotic physics in black phosphorus.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.

Opening of the UNC-64/syntaxin closed conformation by UNC-13/Munc13 to form the neuronal SNARE complex is critical for neurotransmitter release. Here the authors show that facilitating the opening of syntaxin enhances exocytosis not only in unc-13 nulls as well as in diverse C. elegans mutants.

Aberrant EGFR expression is associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here the authors identify that TMEM25 interacts with EGFR and the loss of TMEM25 allows monomeric EGFR-mediated hyperactivation of STAT3 to promote TNBC progression.

Rare early optical observations that captured the prompt-to-afterglow emission of GRB 201223A demonstrate that it behaved according to the fireball model of gamma-ray bursts.

DGCR8 is a component of the canonical microprocessor complex for microRNA biogenesis. Here the authors implicate DGCR8 in heterochromatin maintenance and aging attenuation independent of its miRNA-processing activity through Lamin B1, KAP1 and HP1 interaction. DGCR8 overexpression can alleviate aging and senescence

Multi-omic analysis of 100 clear cell renal cell carcinomas identifies four transcriptomic subgroups (IM1–IM4). IM4 is a high-risk subtype characterized by specific metabolic changes and a loss of lipid droplets.

Glycogen can be metabolized via glycogenolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway as well as into the production of UDP glucose, which when secreted can bind the P2Y₁₄ receptor. Here the authors show how these glycogen metabolism pathways contribute to proinflammatory macrophage activation and susceptibility to sepsis.

A comparison of copper and zinc isotopic measurements between the Ryugu samples and various carbonaceous chondrites excludes any genetic link between the two except for the CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites. Ryugu-like material might have accounted for ~5% of Earth’s mass.

Light penetration and overheating are major issues facing the application of photothermal therapy. Here, the authors develop a temperature responsive hydrogel optical waveguide for controlled delivery of light to deep tumours and demonstrate biocompatibility and temperature responsive phototherapy in vivo

A longitudinal analysis of the neutralizing antibody response dynamics in 214 COVID-19 convalescents up to 16 months after infection shows that despite substantial declines in antibody levels over time, they could still provide protection against circulating variants even after one year of infection in most individuals, although neutralizing activities were reduced, particularly against Beta, Delta and Mu SARS-CoV-2 variants.