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The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Lfy1 is a maize mutant identified 50 years ago with increased leaf number above the primary ear and later flowering time. Here, the authors reveal that a Copia LTR-retrotransposon insertion leads to enhanced expression of an AAA ATPase encoding gene to give the mutant phenotype.

SN2N, a Self-inspired Noise2Noise module, offers a versatile solution for volumetric time-lapse super-resolution imaging of live cells. SN2N uses self-supervised data generation and self-constrained learning for training with a single noisy frame.

An, Tan and colleagues reveal an unusual DNA phosphorothioation Tdp system, where TdpC adenylates DNA backbone for sulfur incorporation and TdpAB provides anti-phage immunity. The sensitivity of TdpAB to hydrophobicity of sulfur enables self–non-self discrimination.

Staple crop production in China involves high levels of synthetic fertilizer use and losses to the environment. Using a localized nitrogen management model for wheat, maize and rice, this study estimates the environmental and economic benefits of improving nitrogen use efficiency at the county level.

Electronic components made from two-dimensional MoTe₂ can be chemically synthesized and integrated in a single step, creating devices in which each component in the active layer is connected via covalent bonds.

The utility of photosensitizers for cancer therapies is often hindered by a single photosensitizing mechanism, the need of multiple irradiations, and limited tumor penetration and retention. Here, the authors address these issues by developing an aggregation-induced emission luminogen bacteria hybrid bionic robot that enables multimodal imaging and therapy and activates anti-tumor immunity.

Superoxide dismutase 3 is elevated in patients and animals infected by protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium. Here, Li et al. show that SOD3 expression is associated with experimental cerebral malaria and inhibition of host immune responses.

Tumour microenvironment has been linked with immunotherapy response in gastric cancer. Here, the authors use CT-based radiomics to predict neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio and response to immunotherapy.

Despite overall warming, many regions in the Northern Hemisphere have been cooling in autumn. This cooling resulted in an increasing release of net CO₂ 2004–2018 as primary production decreased more than respiration in cooling and respiration increased more than production in warming areas.

Super-resolution imaging based on autocorrelation with two-step deconvolution (SACD) enables recording super-resolution images with 128-nm spatial resolution over a field of view of 2.0 mm × 1.4 mm within a 10-min acquisition time.

A phenylboronic acid-modified hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A nanopore can directly distinguish 11 types of nucleoside monophosphates with a 0.996 accuracy.

A new acorn barnacles genome assembly, together with transcriptomic and proteomic datasets and functional experiments, identify bcs-6 and bsf, as new genes involved in the settlement process by facilitating energy metabolism and stabilizing the alternating layers of chitin and calcites, respectively.

The current use of elastography ultrasound faces challenges, including vulnerability to subjective manipulation, echo signal attenuation, unknown risks of elastic pressure and high imaging hardware cost. Here, the author shows a virtual elastography to empower low-end ultrasound devices with state-of-art elastography function.

We introduce a major scientific endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body), its aim being to generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of human biology.

Hao et al. developed a method termed RNA editing-mediated noncanonical amino acids protein tagging (RENAPT), which combines RNA editing and genetic code expansion techniques to label endogenous proteins for real-time imaging in living cells.

The neural circuits through which the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) exerts its role in epilepsy control are not known. Here the authors reveal that a long-range SNr-parafascicular nucleus disinhibitory circuit participates in regulating seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy and inhibition of this circuit can alleviate severity of epileptic seizures.

Monitoring single molecule chemical reactions can be difficult and nanopore based strategies which have shown promise are technically challenging. Here, the authors report on a technique which allows for the direct observation of different reactions and demonstrate the ability to distinguish clinically relevant analogues.

Edge effects matter in graphene, particularly in nanoribbons. A study using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy reveals how chirality at the atomically well-defined edges of a graphene nanoribbon affects its electronic structure.

Light and gibberellins (GA) regulate multiple aspects of plant development, and this paper is one of two studies that provide molecular insights into the connection between these pathways. Without GA, DELLA proteins (GA-signalling repressors) interact with PIFs (phytochrome-interacting proteins) and inhibit their binding to gene promoters. GA triggers degradation of DELLA proteins, thereby allowing PIFs to bind to their target promoters and regulate gene expression. These results reveal a signalling cascade that contributes to coordinated plant growth regulation by light and gibberellins.

Tocilizumab has been used to treat the excessive inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing results from two severe COIVD-19 patients to provide high-dimensional immune profiling data, and to implicate potential cellular and molecular insights for the therapeutic effects of tocilizumab.

Designing an efficient multi-agent hardware system to solve large-scale computational problems through high-parallelism processing with nonlinear interactions remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate that a multi-agent hardware system deploying distributed Ag nanoclusters as physical agents enables parallel, complex computing.

Doxorubicin is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy, but its cardiotoxicity from iron overload is one of the severe side effects. Here, the authors prepare magnesium hexacyanoferrate nanocatalysts to capture excess ferrous species and eliminate cytotoxic radical species in vitro and in vivo.

Using whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing, this study identifies eight significantly mutated genes in oesophageal squamous cell cancer, including two genes, ADAM29 and FAM135B, not previously associated with this cancer type.

Precise and dynamic manipulation of nano-objects on a large scale has been challenging. Here, the authors introduce acoustoelectronic nanotweezers, combining precision of electronic tweezers with large-field dynamic control of acoustic tweezers, demonstrating complex patterning of sub-100 nm objects.

Fast, low-cost and multiplexed nucleic acid detection is challenging. Here the authors report a strategy that couples microfluidic space coding, CRISPRCas12a, and multiplex RPA for the rapid detection of up to 30 targets with only one fluorescent probe.

Repurposing of an SHR–SCR stem cell program in the legume root cortex enables rhizobial symbiosis.

T cells from narcolepsy patients were recently reported to recognize hypocretin, a wakefulness-promoting neurohormone, suggesting autoimmune origin of the disease. Here the authors show that hypocretin-specific T cells expand both in healthy controls and in narcolepsy patients, and identify preliminary features that may distinguish them.