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Optical aberrations can hinder fluorescence imaging of thick samples, reducing image signal, contrast, and resolution. Here, the authors introduce a deep learning-based strategy for aberration compensation, improving image quality without slowing image acquisition or introducing more optics.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

A catalogue of the vascular flora of New Guinea indicates that this island is the most floristically diverse in the world, and that 68% of the species identified are endemic to New Guinea.

Safely opening university campuses has been a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors describe a program of public health measures employed at a university in the United States which, combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions, allowed the university to stay open in fall 2020 with limited evidence of transmission.

A genome-wide association study of critically ill patients with COVID-19 identifies genetic signals that relate to important host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage that may be targeted by repurposing drug treatments.

The arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 is over-expressed in cancer and has a role in the maintenance of stem cells. Here, the authors show that PRMT5 inhibitors can block the growth of patient derived glioblastoma stem cell cultures in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PRMT5 inhibition may be a useful therapeutic strategy

This study shows that conserving approximately half of global land area through protection or sustainable management could provide 90% of ten of nature’s contributions to people and could meet representation targets for 26,709 species of mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. This finding supports recent commitments to conserve at least 30% of global lands and waters by 2030.

Here the authors describe a stabilization technology that engineers crosslinks between tyrosine sidechains into a natively folded vaccine immunogen and show that immunogenicity is improved in small animal models by locking the most potently neutralizing epitopes.

FlyWire presents a neuronal wiring diagram of the whole fly brain with annotations for cell types, classes, nerves, hemilineages and predicted neurotransmitters, with data products and an open ecosystem to facilitate exploration and browsing.

Whole-genome sequencing and phenotype data sharing are introduced in a national health system to streamline diagnosis and to discover coding and non-coding variants that cause rare diseases.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has a hereditary component, much of which remains to be identified. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study and find new risk loci for the disease, which are associated with genes involved in immune function.

The landscape of RNA isoforms in human cortex is revealed by deep long-read RNA sequencing.

Low-damage and high-precision imaging can be achieved by passing the same probe photons through the specimen more than once, and this has been previously achieved in double-pass transmission microscopy. Here, the authors generalize this idea to full-field multi-pass microscopy using a self-imaging cavity.

Soil thickness is a key parameter in earth system models, yet how it varies spatially at catchment scales is largely unknown due to measurement challenges. Here, the authors show that a continuous field of thicknesses can be predicted using high-resolution topography and a few soil thickness measurements.

An analysis of longitudinal cohort data across diverse populations suggests that the incidence of wasting between birth and 24 months is higher than previously thought, and highlights the role of seasonal factors that affect child growth.

Europe set to launch its rival to the Global Positioning System.

New virions of Ff bacteriophages are extruded from the host cell via the channel built from phage protein pIV, homologous to bacterial secretins. Here, the authors report the structure of this channel from the f1 filamentous bacteriophage and propose its use as an adjuvant to increase the uptake and efficacy of antibiotics.

Comparative analysis of genetic variations of bread wheat accessions created in the last 150 years and 45 related species revealed a major contribution of introgressions and chromosomal rearrangements to cultivated wheat diversity.

It is demonstrated that the brain circuitry involved in regulating the motivation for physical activity is not strictly central nervous system autonomous but is shaped by peripheral influences that originate in the intestinal microbial community.

The authors report data from the emergency department AURORA study to characterize resilience in more detail than the absence of psychopathology after trauma.

Here the authors isolate monoclonal antibody HmAb64 from a healthy volunteer who received an experimental polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV vaccine, and show that it’s specific for the CD4 binding site and neutralizes cross-subtype HIV isolates including several tier-2 viruses.

Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.

Post-international travel quarantine has been widely implemented to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the impacts of such policies are unclear. Here, the authors used linked genomic and contact tracing data to assess the impacts of a 14-day quarantine on return to England in summer 2020.

This study of nearly 1000 mother-breastmilk-infant triads identifies new genetic polymorphisms linked to human milk oligosaccharide profiles in mothers, which in turn are associated with the long-term respiratory health of their breastfed children.

Stimuli-responsive control of drug activation can mitigate issues caused by poor drug selectivity. Now, it has been shown that mechanical force—induced by ultrasound—can be used to activate drugs in three different systems. This approach has enabled the activation of antibiotics or a cytotoxic anticancer agent from synthetic polymers, polyaptamers and nanoparticle assemblies.

Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance. Here, Munk et al. analyse ARGs in hundreds of sewage samples from 101 countries and describe regional patterns, diverse genetic environments of common ARGs, and ARG-specific transmission patterns.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

A large empirical assessment of sequence-resolved structural variants from 14,891 genomes across diverse global populations in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) provides a reference map for disease-association studies, population genetics, and diagnostic screening.

Samples of different body regions from hundreds of human donors are used to study how genetic variation influences gene expression levels in 44 disease-relevant tissues.

PTSD has been associated with DNA methylation of specific loci in the genome, but studies have been limited by small sample sizes. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of DNA methylation data from 10 different cohorts and identify CpGs in AHRR that are associated with PTSD.

Genetic and testing data from England show that the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages.

The millimetre image of the Centaurus A nucleus by the Event Horizon Telescope reveals a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet. The source’s event horizon shadow should be visible at terahertz frequencies, consistent with the universal scale invariance of black holes.